We examined the effects of ozone (O(3)) and endogenous antioxidant transport on canine peripheral airway function, central airway function, epithelial integrity, and inflammation. Dogs were either untreated or pretreated with probenecid (an anion-transport inhibitor) and exposed for 6 h to 0.2 parts/million O(3). Peripheral airway resistance (Rpa) and reactivity (DeltaRpa) were monitored in thr...

Pharmacogenetics (PGx) is an emerging field of pharmacology focusing on how gene variations affect the patient’s response to treatment. a promising tool optimize selection and dosing medications, including urate-lowering therapies (ULTs) among patients with gout. The global prevalence gout rising, it disproportionately affects specific racial groups individuals select socioeconomic status. Gene...

Mercuric ions are highly reactive and form a variety of organic complexes or conjugates in vivo. The renal proximal tubule is a primary target for mercury uptake and toxicity, and circumstantial evidence implicates organic anion transporters in these processes. To test this hypothesis directly, the transport and toxicity of mercuric-thiol conjugates were characterized in a Madin-Darby canine ki...

Oseltamivir is an ester prodrug of the active metabolite [3R,4R,5S]-4-acetamido-5-amino-3-(1-ethylpropoxy)-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate phosphate (Ro 64-0802), a potent and selective inhibitor of neuraminidase enzyme of influenza virus. Oseltamivir is rapidly hydrolyzed by hepatic carboxylesterases to Ro 64-0802, which is then exclusively excreted by glomerular filtration and active tubular secr...

WR99210 but does not affect the intrinsic activity of proguanil. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94, 10931–10936 30 Walter, R. etal. (1991) Pyrimethamine-resistantPlasmodiumfalciparum lack cross-resistance to methotrexate and 2,4-diamino-5-(substituted benzyl) pyrimidines. Parasitol. Res. 77, 346–350 31 Cunningham, R.F. et al. (1981) Clinical pharmacokinetics of probenecid. Clin. Pharmacokinet....

Anonymous communication is a rapidly evolving area: it is needed for several privacy related services, such as anonymous electronic voting, payment or consultancy. Numerous techniques have been developed for the main goal: to deliver messages from senders to recipients in a manner that an adversary should find it difficult to identify who communicates with whom. In this paper we analyze two rep...

Cefuroxime axetil (1.5 g) was compared with amoxicillin (3 g), both given as a single oral dose combined with probenecid (1 g) for the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea. Of 60 evaluable patients receiving amoxicillin, 55 (91.7%) were cured, whereas 55 (96.5%) of the 57 patients receiving cefuroxime axetil were cured (P greater than 0.1). Both drugs were well tolerated.

BACKGROUND Excess body burden of uric acid promotes gout. Diminished renal clearance of uric acid causes hyperuricemia in most patients with gout, and the renal urate transporter (URAT)1 is important for regulation of serum uric acid (sUA) levels. The URAT1 inhibitors probenecid and benzbromarone are used as gout therapies; however, their use is limited by drug-drug interactions and off-target ...

Expression of proximal tubular organic anion transporters Oat1 and Oat3 is reduced by PGE2 after renal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. We hypothesized that impaired expression of Oat1/3 is decisively involved in the deterioration of renal function after I/R injury. Therefore, we administered probenecid, which blocks proximal tubular indomethacin uptake, to abolish the indomethacin-mediat...

The glucuronidation kinetics of the prototypic substrates 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU) and 1-naphthol (1NP) by human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) 1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6, 1A7, 1A8, 1A9, 1A10, 2B7, 2B15, and 2B17 were investigated. Where activity was demonstrated, inhibitory effects of diclofenac, probenecid, and the solvents acetone, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethanol, and methanol were ...