Visualization and other forms of spatial cognition are considered fundamental to learning and problem solving in science. This assumption is especially prevalent in organic chemistry where imagistic reasoning is considered to be a primary cognitive activity. While previous research has shown that students are aware of several analytical heuristics and imagistic strategies for problem solving, t...

‎The importance of Problem Solving (PS) has been realized for such a long time that in a direct or indirect way affects our daily lives in many ways‎. ‎Assessment cases appear frequently for PS skills which involve a degree of uncertainty and (or) ambiguity‎. ‎Fuzzy logic‎, ‎due to its nature of characterizing such cases with multiple values‎, ‎offers rich resources for dealing with them‎. ‎On ...

Test results from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) reveal that Shanghai students performed less well in solving interactive problems (those that require uncovering necessary information) than in solving analytical problems (those having all information disclosed at the outset). Accordingly, this study investigates information-processing strategies in solving these two typ...

This paper is about how problems get defined typically the sort of problems associated with organisational decision making. The author is concerned that by objectifying problem definition, scientific management make invisible whose problems they are and so silences solutions that may be attractive to others. This paper will argue that problem definition should focus on the person having the pro...