It is the expenditure on consumption that constitutes basic share of expenditures households supply labor as a factor production in an economy. These have indirect effect input costs companies demand factor. The change food prices determines both relative price structure economy and inflationary trend for future, depending changes goods markets. For this reason, make decisions producer decision...

We investigate the impact of search costs farmers and traders on prices, by measuring to what extent introduction mobile phones in Mozambique has affected maize producer retail market prices margins. Estimations are based weekly recorded white grain, from July 1997 December 2009, for 15 major markets Mozambique. find a margin increase varying 6.4% 11.5%, drop 8.1% 14.0%, supporting bias benefit...

this study uses vector error correction model to examine the effects of oilseeds, crude oil and vegetable oil tariffs on vegetable oil consumer price. monthly data sets for the years 2004-2013 and var and vecm models were applied for this study. research findings indicates only a long term equilibrium relation between the study variables .the effect of vegetable oil tariffs on consumer and prod...

Access to tuberculosis drugs depends on multiple factors. Selection of a standard list of TB drugs to procure is the first step. This paper reviews the advantages and disadvantages of procuring and using fixed-dose combination (FDC) products for both the intensive and continuation phases of treatment. The major advantages are to prevent the emergence of resistance, to simplify logistic manageme...

in this paper asymmetric price transmission mechanism and nonlinear adjustment between producer and retail prices of milk were examined in zanjan province of iran. for this purpose, a two-regime threshold vector error correction model (tvecm) and a sup-lm test developed by hansen and seo (2002) were employed for checking presence of a threshold effect. application of unit root tests indicated t...

Ecosystems can undergo sudden shifts to undesirable states, but recent studies with simple single-species ecosystems have demonstrated that advance warning can be provided by the slowing down of population dynamics near a tipping point. However, it is unclear how this 'critical slowing down' will manifest in ecosystems with strong interactions between their components. Here we probe the dynamic...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: E52 E58 F41 Keywords: Monetary policy rule Incomplete exchange rate pass-through Tobin's Q channel Asset prices This paper focuses on the role of the Tobin's Q channel in a two-country framework in which exporting firms set their prices on the basis of local currency pricing. Incomplete exchange rate pass-through significantly affects the Tobin's Q chan...

  In this paper asymmetric price transmission mechanism and nonlinear adjustment between producer and retail prices of milk were examined in Zanjan Province of Iran. For this purpose, a Two-Regime Threshold Vector Error Correction Model (TVECM) and a Sup-LM Test developed by Hansen and Seo (2002) were employed for checking presence of a threshold effect. Application of unit root tests indicated...