Remote sensing indices of burn area and fire severity have been developed and tested for forest ecosystems, but not sparsely vegetated, desert shrub-steppe in which large wildfires are a common occurrence and a major issue for land management. We compared the performance of remote sensing indices for detecting burn area and fire severity with extensive ground-based cover assessments made before...

There is a growing view that systemic risk arises due to loss of intermediation for the overall economy – a negative externality – when the financial sector becomes under-capitalized as a whole. In turn, the systemic risk contribution of an individual financial firm can be defined as its share of this negative externality. Motivated by this intuition, a number of authors have proposed a “Pigovi...

Ranking a set of measurements, or ranking a set of model outputs, is a generic task for decision support. In the case of multiple indicators, a composite index is often defined. However, as Patil and Taillie (2004) point out, “every such composite involves judgements (often arbitrary or controversial) about tradeoffs or substitutability among indicators.” These concerns are addressed by the con...

P roducer services, a collection of business-tobusiness service industries, have become an important source of job generation across America. In fact, 9.3 million of the 30.1 million new jobs created in the United States from 1974 to 1991 were in the producer services industry, the largest growth of any broad industrial sector in the nation. Has the rural Heartland shared in this producer servi...

UNLABELLED Background For children with diabetes, metabolic control typically declines across the adolescent years. OBJECTIVE The longitudinal interplay between supportive relationships with parents and metabolic control were investigated in families that differ in parents' restrictiveness. METHOD The time-dependent links between perceived parental social support and metabolic control were ...

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We use household survey data to construct a direct measure of absolute risk aversion based on the maximum price a consumer is willing to pay to buy a risky asset. We relate this measure to a set of consumers’ decisions that in theory should vary with attitude towards risk. We ...nd that elicited risk aversion has considerable predictive power for a number of key household decisions such as choi...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare screening performance for Down syndrome of the absolute risk (AR) method to the first trimester combined test (FCT) at different maternal ages. METHODS There was a retrospective analysis of 32,448 FCT. AR was defined as final risk divided by maternal age risk. RESULTS The likelihood of receiving a true prediction was comparable between both met...

Herbivorous top-down forces and bottom-up competition for nutrients determine the coexistence and relative biomass patterns of producer species. Combining models of predator-prey and producer-nutrient interactions with a structural model of complex food webs, I investigated these two aspects in a dynamic food-web model. While competitive exclusion leads to persistence of only one producer speci...

the two-spotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch (acari: tetranychidae), is an economically important pest of ornamental plant in iran. the population abundance and spatial distribution were studied on five rosa cultivars including maroussia, wendela, elderado, wenedetta, and hot lady during two growing seasons of 2011 and 2012 in greenhouse. the k parameter, index of dispersion, lloyd’s m...