Earth's future carbon balance and regional carbon exchange dynamics are inextricably linked to plant photosynthesis. Spectral vegetation indices are widely used as proxies for vegetation greenness and to estimate state variables such as vegetation cover and leaf area index. However, the capacity of green leaves to take up carbon can change throughout the season. We quantify photosynthetic capac...

We explored simple and useful spectral indices for estimating photosynthetic variables (radiation use efficiency and photosynthetic capacity) at a canopy scale based on seasonal measurements of hyperspectral reflectance, ecosystem CO2 flux, and plant and micrometeorological variables. An experimental study was conducted over the simple and homogenous ecosystem of an irrigated rice field. Photos...

Grasslands play important roles in ecosystem production and support a large farming and grazing industry. An accurate and efficient way is needed to estimate grassland health and production for monitoring and adjusting management to get sustainable products and other ecosystem services. Previous studies of grasslands have shown varying relationships between productivity and biodiversity, with m...

Productivity It is within the framework of productivity that bryophytes are often considered unimportant as components of the ecosystem. As Martin and Adamson (2001) have pointed out, the photosynthetic capacity of mosses is generally considered to be much lower than that of the tracheophytes. However, they contend that this may be a misleading conclusion based on the method of calculating rate...

in this survay the total productivity of export development bank of iran (edbi) and the productivity changes of branches was studied by using the method of data envelopment analysis. slacks-based measure of super-efficiency model was used to analyze the total productivity of the edbi in the period of 1373-1384 and malmquist productivity index was used to measure the growth of productivity in br...

In measuring productivity in the presence of undesirable outputs, traditional growth accounting and index number approaches face the problem that prices of the undesirable outputs typically do not exist since such outputs are generally not marketed. In this paper we employ an alternative measure of total factor productivity based on a generalization of the Shephard distance functions, namely wh...

BACKGROUND Research productivity is considered an important factor in academic advancement in sports medicine. No study to date has evaluated academic productivity and correlates of academic rank for sports medicine fellowship faculty. PURPOSE To describe the academic productivity of American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM) fellowship program faculty and to determine the assoc...

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) models can calculate the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI). Classic Malmquist Productivity Index shows regress and progress of a DMU in different periods with efficiency and technology variations without considering the present value of money. This issue is of major importance since while a currency of in previous year is not equal to that of now this would yiel...