In every tunnel boring machine (TBM) tunneling project, there is an initial low production phase so-called the Learning Phase Period (LPP), in which low utilization is experienced and the operational parameters are adjusted to match the working conditions. LPP can be crucial in scheduling and evaluating the final project time and cost, especially for short tunnels for which it may constitute a ...

Software cost estimation is one of the prerequisite managerial activities carried out at the software development initiation stages and also repeated throughout the whole software life-cycle so that amendments to the total cost are made. In software cost estimation typically, a selection of project attributes is employed to produce effort estimations of the expected human resources to deliver a...

In this paper, we consider a stochastic Time-Cost Tradeoff Problem (TCTP) in PERT networks for project management, in which all activities are subjected to a linear cost function and assumed to be exponentially distributed. The aim of this problem is to maximize the project completion probability with a pre-known deadline to a predefined probability such that the required additional cost is min...

Enhancing the accuracy of an approximate cost estimate is a critical issue since the estimate ordinarily predicts the total cost of a project with insufficient project information. In order to facilitate the approximate cost estimate process, this paper proposes a computer-based integrated system that enables the flexibility to varying amount and accuracy of available information, higher accura...

The order in which user stories are implemented can have a significant influence on the overall development cost. The total cost of developing a system is non commutative because of dependencies between user stories. This paper presents a systematic and lightweight method to identify dependencies between user stories, aiding in the reduction of their impact on the overall project cost. Initial ...

one of the most important aspects of software project management is the estimation of cost and time required for running information system. therefore, software managers try to carry estimation based on behavior, properties, and project restrictions. software cost estimation refers to the process of development requirement prediction of software system. various kinds of effort estimation patter...

In this paper, we consider scheduling of project networks under minimization of total weighted resource tardiness penalty costs. In this problem, we assume constrained resources are renewable and limited to very costly machines and tools which are also used in other projects and are not accessible in all periods of time of a project. In other words, there is a dictated ready date as well as a d...

Design process is a key process in forming of product’s cost and if we notify to total design we will see all of the effective parameters in design activities. Design process is contented design planning, design inputs, design outputs, design review, design verification, design validation and design changes. This approach will help us to identify the cost parameters for managing, controlling an...