The cardiovascular effects during 2 hours of anesthesia with either a continuous propofol infusion or isoflurane were compared in the same six healthy dogs. Dogs were randomly assigned to be anesthesized with either propofol (5 mg/kg, i.v. administered over 30 seconds, immediately followed by a propofol infusion beginning at 0.4 mg/kg/min), or isoflurane (2.0% end-tidal concentration). The prop...

Background: Patient-controlled sedation (PCS) is increasingly used for moderate sedation. Detailed understanding is essential for maintaining safety and giving the most benefit. We wanted to explore the associations between patients’ characteristics, perioperative pain and anxiety, the procedure, and the calculated concentrations at the effect site (Ce) of propofol. We also wanted to analyse th...

BACKGROUND Propofol is mainly metabolized in the liver, but extrahepatic clearance may also be important since systemic propofol clearance exceeds hepatic clearance. Recent reports suggest that the kidneys contribute to propofol elimination in humans and here we investigated renal elimination of propofol in a controlled animal study. METHODS Seventeen swine were anaesthetized with 5% isoflura...

Propofol infusion syndrome (PRIS) is defined as acute bradycardia progressing to asystole combined with lipemic plasma, fatty liver enlargement, metabolic acidosis with negative base excess >10 mmol l(-1), rhabdomyolysis or myoglobinuria associated with propofol infusion. The purpose of this review was to provide a new update of reported case reports and to describe recent retrospective studies...

BACKGROUND We investigated the effect of propofol on the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) release in developing hippocampal neurons, and explored the effects of exogenous tPA on the propofol-induced neuron apoptosis. METHODS Primary hippocampal neurons isolated from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to propofol (20, 50, and 100 μM) for 6 h either one time or three times. Finally, ne...

BACKGROUND Bispectral Index (BIS)-titrated administration allows a reduction of propofol infusion rates in patients undergoing surgery. Resulting differences in anesthetic depth might affect the stress response to surgery involving neural circuitry not reflected in the electroencephalogram. METHODS Forty patients scheduled to undergo elective coronary artery bypass grafting receiving a backgr...

BACKGROUND Because propofol is water insoluble, current formulations of propofol use a soybean oil emulsion. These soybean emulsions cause elevated plasma triglycerides and support bacterial growth. This study compares an alternative formulation of propofol as a 2% emulsion in a medium-chain triglyceride solution (IDD-D Propofol) with Diprivan. METHODS This double-blind, crossover, phase 1 st...

BACKGROUND The influence of alfentanil on the pharmacokinetics of propofol is poorly understood. Therefore, the authors studied the effect of a pseudo-steady state concentration of alfentanil on the pharmacokinetics of propofol. METHODS The pharmacokinetics of propofol were studied on two occasions in eight male volunteers in a randomized crossover manner with a 3-week interval. While volunte...

Propofol, one of the most commonly used intravenous anesthetic agents, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory property. However, the anti-allergic inflammation effect of propofol and its underlying molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. In the present study, we aim to investigate the roles of NF-kB activation in propofol anti-asthma effect on OVA-induced allergic airway inflammatio...

BACKGROUND A new supraglottic device, the LMA-Supreme™, has recently become available for clinical use. Information on anaesthetic and co-adjuvant requirements for insertion of the LMA-Supreme™ is limited. The present study aimed to evaluate the optimal effect-site concentration of propofol in 50 % (EC50) of adults necessary for successful insertion of the LMA-Supreme™ and to examine remifentan...