This paper demonstrates that a robust genetic algorithm for the traveling salesman problem (TSP) should preserve and add good edges efficiently, and at the same time, maintain the population diversity well. We analyzed the strengths and limitations of several wellknown genetic operators for TSPs by the experiments. To evaluate these factors, we propose a new genetic algorithm integrating two ge...

Loss of genetic diversity can be due to a variety of causes and might take place unnoticed even in widespread and frequent species. In situ reserves can be a very efficient method of protecting genetic diversity in tree species if they are sufficiently large to sustain adequate populations and spatially well distributed to protect populations adapted to a range of environmental conditions. We u...

You may not pay much attention to fungi growing on the bark of trees in your neighborhood, but there are many fungal species that scientists know have joined “bark side.” The living do interesting and surprising things. For example, prowl search resources or new habitats. Fungi create tiny versions themselves, called spores, which can use “the force” (of nature, like blowing wind, flowing water...

The relationship between presenteeism, or working despite ill-health, and extra-role behavior can be negative, positive, null. Our research examines the role of gender in influencing this relationship. We build on self-regulatory perspective resource allocation context which emphasizes internal external pressure resources. hypothesize that sick men will direct their resources toward protecting ...

Human resources play a crucial role in the evolution of the organizations, and huge organizational developments caused by unlimited intellectual capacity of human resources. Therefore, of the priorities of any organization is to preserve these valuable resources. In this regard, an appropriate alternative is to improve the quality of work life in organizations. To this aim, the quality of work ...

Although inhibition of p16(INK4a) expression is critical to preserve the proliferative capacity of stem cells, the molecular mechanisms responsible for silencing p16(INK4a) expression remain poorly characterized. Here, we show that the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) monocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (MOZ) controls the proliferation of both hematopoietic and neural stem cells by modulating...

Plant populations are often spatially structured owing to limited dispersal of pollen and seed. Mating between neighboring individuals in such populations often leads to reduced reproductive performance relative to matings between distant individuals. This response, which may be a result of inbreeding depression or prezygotic mating barriers, was investigated for slickspot peppergrass, Lepidium...

The paper is devoted to the problem of plant biodiversity conservation. This acute all over world. Lower Don Region has a centuries old history viticulture and winemaking. There are many valuable vine varieties which worthy preservation for future generations. Classical methods no longer cope with this task. Applying advances biotechnology in addition traditional ex situ conservation allows sus...

Characterization, inventory and monitoring trends of animal genetic resources local breeds are crucial factors for the development conservation strategies. Using genealogical information, diversity five Spanish bovine located in northwest Spain region Galicia, called past Morenas Gallegas (Cachena, Caldelá, Frieiresa, Limiá Vianesa), has been analysed. The results achieved a good quality pedigr...

complex inherited diseases affected by an interaction between collective effects of the genotype at one or multiple loci either to increase or to lower susceptibility to disease, combined with a variety of environmental exposures that may trigger, accelerate, exacerbate, or protect against the disease process. the new aspects of genetic techniques have been opened for diagnosis and analysis of ...