We have examined the capacity of a live avirulent mutant form of the intracellular bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila to induce immune responses and protective immunity in guinea pigs. The mutant L. pneumophila is nonlethal to guinea pigs and does not revert to virulence with passage through guinea pigs. In contrast, exposure of guinea pigs to aerosols containing wild-type L. pneumophila...

This study presents the results of a survey safety and protective efficacy candidate vector-based vaccine for bovine tuberculosis, using an influenza vector with NS1 mutation expressing M. bovis antigens ESAT-6 TB10.4. We vaccinated Balb/c outbred mice two times at 21 days apart. Our experimental design includes immunised or without adjuvant 15% Montanide Gel. The vaccine’s was determined by bi...

The protective capacity of the crude extracts from larval and nymphal stages of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum was examined in the New Zealand white rabbits. The rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups of five animals. The rabbits in groups 1 and 2 were immunized with crude extracts of larval and nymphal antigens, respectively and group 3 was served as control. Following challenge of each r...

Plasmodium sporozoites and liver stages express antigens that are targeted to the MHC-Class I antigen-processing pathway. After the introduction of Plasmodium sporozoites by Anopheles mosquitoes, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in skin-draining lymph nodes are the first cells to cross-present parasite antigens and elicit specific CD8(+) T cells. One of these antigens is the immunodominant c...

Recent advances in reverse genetics techniques make it possible to manipulate the genome of RNA viruses such as Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Several NDV vaccine strains have been used as vaccine vectors in poultry, mammals, and humans to express antigens of different pathogens. The safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of these NDV-vectored vaccines have been evaluated in pre-clinic...

In Leishmania (L.) major-infected BALB/c mice Th2-type cells results in disease progression, whereas C57BL/6-infected mice mount a Th1-type response, which leads to control of the infection. Th2 response correlates with IgG1 whereas, Th1 response supports switching to IgG2a subclasses. Since IgG isotype-dominated response depends on different CD4 + T cell subsets, we studied the antigenic profi...

Abstract Glioblastomas are immunologically “cold” tumors with intense immunosuppressive myeloid cell- and sparse cytotoxic T-cell infiltration. Therefore, viral vector vaccines may be a promising approach to boost the induction of glioblastoma-targeted T cells. It has been previously shown that heterologous prime-boost vaccination chimpanzee-derived adenovirus ChAdOx1 modified vaccinia Ankara (...

Abstract Humoral immunity is critical for protection against Plasmodium falciparum malaria. In endemic areas, individuals acquire protective malaria through repeated exposure to P. parasites. Understanding these naturally acquired immune responses would be highly informative the development of improved vaccination strategies Antibody uncharacterized protein PF3D7_1136200 correlate with from mal...

background: hepatitis b is an important infectious disease.  since several years ago, mass vaccination against this viral infection has become as part of routine vaccination schedule of iran.  however, some healthy neonates, children and adults fail to generate a protective antibody response after vaccination. objectives: to investigate distribution of hla class-i and class-ii antigens in healt...