BACKGROUND Maternal mortality continues to be a heavy burden in low and middle income countries where half of all deliveries take place in homes without skilled attendance. The study aimed to investigate the underlying and proximate determinants of health facility childbirth in rural and urban areas of three districts in Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia. METHODS A population-based survey was conduc...

Development and projections of wireless PDAs enable to envisage the design of new application classes that exploit short range and direct communications (e.g. one-hop communications). In a close future we may imagine mobile users dynamically and spontaneously exchanging information as soon as they are close enough. In such a context, a connection between two nodes may be broken at any time beca...

Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus bitorquis are among most favorite mushrooms of the world. Mineral contents, proximate composition and fatty acid profile of these mushrooms were determined for evaluation of their dietary value. Na, K and Li contents were high, while Cr, Cu, Pb, Co, Zn, Mn and Ni concentrations were low in both Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus bitorquis. Proximate analysis showe...

Benthic diatoms have been universally used as indicators to assess water quality in lotic ecosystems. However, most diatom-based indices developed in Europe have not been widely used or tested in other continents such as Asia or Oceania. This study compared the performance of 14 widely-applied diatom indices in assessing ecological conditions in subtropical streams in South East Queensland (SEQ...

Proximate and ultimate causes in evolutionary biology have come to conflate two distinctions. The first is a distinction between immediate and historical causes. The second is between explanations of mechanism and adaptive function. Mayr emphasized the first distinction but many evolutionary biologists use proximate and ultimate causes to refer to the second. I recommend that ‘ultimate cause’ b...

background & aim: thecurrent population of the world is seven billion, and developing countries account for its 97%. approximately 210 million pregnancies annually occur worldwide and 75-80 million of them are reported to be unintended. multiple factors can contribute to unintended pregnancy, which need to be assessed to design interventions reducing the incidence of unintended pregnancies.this...

maternal mortality refers to the death of a woman who dies during pregnancy or within six weeks after delivery. a number of factors contribute to the high maternal mortality ratio around the globe, particularly, in underdeveloped countries. pakistan has the highest mortality ratio (260 per 100,000 live births) in the region and is one of the developing countries which have committed to decrease...

a case control study was performed in three districts in hormozgan province in 2001 to assess how different determinants affect on malaria morbidity. it assume that results will help the decision makers in all levels of national development program. a total of 384 febrile patients with positive peripheral blood smear were selected as case group, and 753 people with negative peripheral blood sme...