cognition is by cognitive neuroimaging – by recording neural activity in a person’s brain while the recorded person is carrying out some cognitive activity. There are numerous different reasons for doing this kind of work. I will consider only one of these reasons, namely, to try to learn more about cognition itself. All other motivations for doing cognitive neuroimaging (e.g., to seek to local...

Although Construct validity theory (CVT) did not formally enter the scene until psychology was into its eighth decade as an established independent discipline, it might be argued that the history of test-related validity as an area of scholarship is as old as the discipline itself. That is to say, the story of the history of disciplinary psychology is in many ways a story about psychological me...

due to his nature, man always asks questions about the meaning of things. all branches of knowledge and civilization are the answers he has given to the mystery of being, of his own and of other things. here, the question about the meaning of action is also considerably important. in this study, we are going to analyze the answers given from a sociological view to the question about the meaning...

Scrutiny of the numerous physiology and imaging studies of visual attention reveal that integration of results from neuroscience with the classic theories of visual attention based on behavioral work is not simple. The different subfields have pursued different questions, used distinct experimental paradigms and developed diverse models. The purpose of this review is to use statistical decision...

Integrative approaches seem to be paramount in the current climate of family therapy and other psychotherapies. However, integration between and among theories and practices can only occur within a specific epistemology. This article makes a distinction between three different epistemologies: individualizing, systems, and poststructural. It then makes the argument that one can integrate theorie...

1 Introduction During the last few decades, an important debate has taken place in cognitive psychology concerning the rationality of human reasoning. One field in which this debate has been vigorous is that of inductive inference and probabilistic reasoning or, in more general terms, situations in which people make predictions about research has produced mixed results, ranging from some showin...

THIS CHAPTER IS divided into four principal sections. The first reviews several major current evolutionary psychological theories of personality. The next two cover empirical evidence for these theories in human and nonhuman animal personality research. Because little empirical research examining personality has been done within evolutionary psychology, the data go outside the evolutionary lite...

In this paper a generative framework for creativity is presented which extends upon Wallas’s model of creativity (1926), social learning theories and creativity theories. The framework offered here presents a distillation of learning and creativity theory drawing upon salient roots of both creativity and learning theories in the 21st century. The generative framework can be instantiated for use...

Evolutionary psychology accounts of gender differences in sexual behaviors in general and men's sexual aggression, in particular, has been criticized for legitimizing males' sexual misconduct. To empirically assess such critiques, two studies examined how men's judgments of male sex crimes (solicitation of sex from a prostitute; rape) are influenced by exposure to (a) evolutionary psychological...