* This chapter represents the conclusions of a meeting of experts organised by WHO in cooperation with the US EPA and held in Annapolis, MD, USA, in November 1998 (for further details, see the Acknowledgements section). The US EPA has not conducted a policy and legal evaluation of this chapter. Despite evident successes in the protection of public health, present approaches to the regulation of...

urban space can be the most successful public arena in this century if employ the potentialsfor collective cooperation in creative ways in order to provide further services. the theory of creative city tries tostrengthen the qualities which enhance the image of a city for the citizens and create a dynamic city in terms of cultureand intercultural learning. therefore, the existence of generator,...

human’s disregard to nature and consequently his living environment’s distance from natural endowments and potentials have caused many problems. human’s living spaces are less desirable for him, and have destroyed his comfort in many cases, as man-made things. in this regard, public open spaces in residential areas can be mentioned because they are usually considered among the most vulnerable s...

The current study aims to propose urban planning standards and sustainability transitions improve the living quality in a sustainable residential area. of plays vital role improving any city. We present intensity land exploitation per inhabitant social infrastructure determine reasonable relationship between housing development green spaces, type services indicators by considering minimum requi...

Kenya has experienced rapid population growth and urbanization in recent years leading to major changes its natural environment. Urban infrastructure a significant influence on carbon emissions environmental degradation. green spaces are some of the interventions that demonstrate how impact increased can be managed. An exploration current state urban is essential identify equitable sustainable ...

the public spaces in our today’s lives involve many sorts of activities, and the design of such spaces requires a wide range of studies. one of the critical studies in our country, due to its climatic variety, is about the thermal comfort of public outdoor spaces. this article has been conducted to investigate about possible architecture and landscape architecture design measurements which coul...

many epidemiological studies have found that people living in environments with more green space report better physical and mental health than those with less green space. however, the association between visits to green space and mental health has seldom been studied. the environment surrounding residences and its recreational and commuting opportunities are believed to affect human health and...