bifid cardiac apex is a rare anomaly of human hearts. we report of the case of a 34-year-old man with a previous history of ventricular septal defect (vsd) and subvalvular pulmonary stenosis. he had undergone pulmonary commissurotomy and vsd closure 22 years before he was referred to our center for evaluation of progressive dyspnea. transthoracic echocardiography revealed atrial septal defect (...

Introduction: Pulmonary fungus ball is a rare complication in pre-existing pulmonary cavitary lesions, due to some chronic pulmonary diseases including tuberculosis, lung abscess and sarcoidosis. Fungus ball is mostly caused by aspergillus. In many patients, fungus ball is asymptomatic, but in a significant number of them it can develop cough and hemoptysis, which may be massive and fatal. The ...

the aim of this study is to evaluate early and late results of surgery in children with congenital heart disease and decreased pulmonary blood flow, who underwent a palliative systemic-to-pulmonary shunt. during the past 9 years, 157 systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunts were performed in 130 patients (69 males, 61 females) with ages from 1 day to 31 years old. they had been evaluated for their c...

introduction: recently a relation between female sex hormones and severity of asthma symptoms has been proposed. as a common endocrine dysfunction, polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos) could significantly influence the level of sex hormones in pcos patients. regarding the possible role of sex hormones in airway physiology, the present study was conducted to survey the effects of pcos on pulmonary f...

results: among 11 patients who underwent surgery consisted of eight males and three females. their metastasis originated from testis tumors (n = 5), renal cell carcinoma (rcc; n = 4), bladder tumor (n = 1), and prostate cancer (n = 1). their mean age was 41.27 years (range, 21-67). the mean age of the patients with rcc and testis tumor at the time of diagnosing metastasis was 54 and 24.8 years,...

background cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis (tb) is rare in children. objectives the aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of cavitary pulmonary tb in children. patients and methods this retrospective study was conducted on 97 children less than 15 years old with pulmonary tb to assess the clinical characteristics and radiographic findings of patients with cavitary lesions. resul...

we report two cases of tetralogy of fallot with pulmonary valve bacterial endocarditis where one extended to the branch of pulmonary artery (pa). this is a rare occurrence. aggressive supportive care plus early and radical surgery can be life saving.