Push back design as a complex task, is one of the major steps in the open pit mines planning. Push backs can be generated by varying economic factors such as commodity price, mining cost, processing cost, etc. Another important issue in generating push backs is grade uncertainty, which can cause the problem be more complex. Conventional methods of push back design ignore grade uncertainty. To o...

In a foundry casting line, contaminants are released from a large area. Casting fumes include both volatile and particulate compounds. The volatile fraction contains hydrocarbons, whereas the particulate fraction mostly comprises a mixture of vaporized metal fumes. Casting fumes lower the air quality in foundries. The design of local ventilation for the casting area is a challenging task, becau...

The simplex algorithm requires artificial variables for solving linear programs, which lack primal feasibility at the origin point. We present a new general-purpose solution algorithm, called Push-and-Pull, which obviates the use of artificial variables. The algorithm consists of preliminaries for setting up the initialization followed by two main phases. The Push Phase develops a basic variabl...

background & aim: cesarean section (cs) rates have been increasing steadily, worldwide. the knowledge and attitude of health professionals towards natural childbirth and cs are important factors in selecting a mode of delivery. the purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitude of midwifery and nursing students towards different modes of delivery. methods:in this descriptive,...