Some animals and humans fed a high-energy diet (HED) are diet-resistant (DR), remaining as lean as individuals who were naïve to HED. Other individuals become obese during HED exposure and subsequently defend the obese weight (Diet-Induced Obesity- Defenders, DIO-D) even when subsequently maintained on a low-energy diet. We hypothesized that the body weight setpoint of the DIO-D phenotype resid...

In this study we investigated the status of jejunal absorption and peripheral metabolism of glucose following disinhibition of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) induced by the GABAA antagonist bicuculline methiodide (BMI). Adult male Wistar rats (270-300g) were anesthetized to implant unilateral guide cannula targeted to PVN for later microinjection of BMI (10 pmol/100 nl, n=6) or vehicle (NaCl 0.9...

Polyomavirus nephropathy (PVN) is an emerging medical dilemma in kidney transplantation. Methods to screen before clinical disease are available and early immunosuppression reduction may change the natural history of progression. However, the consequences of an increase in rejection may limit the benefits. In a simulation model a 'screen' versus 'no-screen' strategy was compared. Baseline PVN c...

We investigated the hippocampus-paraventricular nucleus- (PVN-) sympathetic nerve pathway in electroacupuncture (EA) at the heart meridian for the treatment of myocardial ischemia by observing PVN neuronal discharge, sympathetic nerve discharge, and hemodynamics parameters. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were equally divided into four groups: Sham, Model, Model + EA, and Model + EA + Lesion. The mode...

Duan, Yu-Fei, Irwin J. Kopin, and David S. Goldstein. Stimulation of the paraventricular nucleus modulates firing of neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 46): R403–R411, 1999.—The present study assessed whether the baroreflex inhibition elicited by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) involve...

Noradrenergic systems regulate the systemic release of oxytocin (OT) in lactating rats. However, a role for norepinephrine (NE) in release of OT within the magnocellular nuclei during suckling has not been established. These studies were designed to determine 1) if suckling induces NE release in the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei of conscious rats and 2) the role of NE in the...

Central administration of nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) produces bradycardia, hypotension, diuresis, and antinatriuresis in rats. Because N/OFQ peptide (NOP) receptors exist in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, we hypothesized that N/OFQ acts in the PVN to alter cardiovascular and renal function. To test this premise, N/OFQ (10 and 100 pmol) or artificial cerebrospinal flu...

Elevated sympathetic nerve activity, strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, is partly generated from the presympathetic neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). The PVN-presympathetic neurons regulating cardiac and vasomotor sympathetic activity receive information about cardiovascular status from receptors in the heart and circulation. These receptors signal ...

Small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (SK) channels regulate membrane properties of rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) projecting hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurons and inhibition of SK channels increases in vitro excitability. Here, we determined in vivo the role of PVN SK channels in regulating sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). In anestheti...

Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1)-expressing neurons in the hindbrain send robust projections to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), which is involved in the regulation of food intake. Here, we describe that stimulation of GLP-1 afferent fibers within the PVN is sufficient to suppress food intake independent of glutamate release. We also show that GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) activa...