Physical exercise enhances adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Running induces the uptake of blood insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) into the brain. A causal link between these two phenomena has been reported; running-induced increases in adult neurogenesis can be blocked by peripheral infusion of anti-IGF-I. Running also alters other aspects of hippocampal structure, including dendritic ...

Wertheimer’s theory suggests a general perception law according to which objects having a quality in common get perceptually grouped. The Helmholtz principle is a quantitative version of this general grouping law. It states that a grouping is perceptually “meaningful” if its number of occurrences would be very small in a random situation: Geometric structures are then characterized as large dev...

Virtually all scientific documents contain informational diagrams. To build knowledge bases representing this literature, the diagrams must be semantically analyzed. In our system, diagrams are represented as collections of geometric objects. The fundamental organizing principle for these objects is the Generalized Equivalence Relation (GER). Examples include Near, Parallel, and Aligned. These ...

A low entropy pyramidal image data structure suited for lossless coding and progressive transmission is proposed in this work. The new coder, called the progressively predictive pyramid (PPP) is based on the well-known Laplacian pyramid. By introducing inter-resolution predictors into the original Laplacian pyramid, we show that the entropy level in the original pyramid can be reduced significa...

The Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi tracker (KLT) is commonly used for tracking feature points due to its excellent speed and reasonable accuracy. It is a standard algorithm in applications such as video stabilization, image mosaicing, egomotion estimation, structure from motion and Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). However, our understanding of errors in the output of KLT tracking is incomplet...

the central cooperative banks occupy a crucial position in the pyramidal structure of agricultural cooperative banking system. they from the backbone of the agricultural credit structure and provide the vital line between the primary agricultural societies and the state apex cooperative bank functioning at the state level. the study is based on secondary data obtained from annual reports of edc...

The quality of an image can be evaluated on its spatial and spatial-frequency resolutions. Image interpolation and super-resolution are perhaps the way to respectively produce high spatial and spatialfrequency resolutions of an image, especially for a down-sampled image. In this paper, we first address an approach to interpolating an image with noise removal by exploiting the probability filter...

Velocity distributions are an enhanced representation of image velocity implying more velocity information than velocity vectors. Velocity distributions allow the representation of ambiguous motion information caused by the aperture problem or multiple motions at a given image region. Starting from a contrastand brightness-invariant generative model for image formation a likelihood measure for ...

Coinage and alkali metal mixed clusters, M4Na- (M = Cu, Au) have been investigated experimentally using photoelectron spectroscopy and computationally at correlated ab initio levels. The related Cu4Li-, Ag4Li-, Ag4Na-, and Au4Li- clusters as well as the neutral Cu4Li2 and Cu4Na2 clusters have also been studied computationally. The calculations show that the two lowest isomers of the negatively ...