Geographically concentrated industry activity creates pools of skilled labor and specialized suppliers, and increases opportunities for knowledge spillovers. The strategic value of these agglomeration economies may vary by firm, depending upon the relative value of each economy, and upon firm and agglomeration economy traits. To better determine when a firm will be attracted to agglomeration ec...

J. Avila,1 A. Mascaraque,2 E. G. Michel,2 M. C. Asensio,1 G. LeLay,3 J. Ortega,4 R. Pérez,4 and F. Flores4 1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain and LURE, Université Paris-Sud, F-91898 Orsay, France 2Departamento de Fı́sica de la Materia Condensada and Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain 3CRMC2-CNRS and UFR-SM, Université de Provence, 3 P...

The epidermis of swollen storage roots in purple cultivars of turnip "Tsuda" (Brassica rapa) accumulates anthocyanin in a light-dependent manner, especially in response to UV-A light, of which the mechanism is unclear. In this study, we mutagenized 15,000 seeds by 0.5% (v/v) ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) and obtained 14 mutants with abnormal anthocyanin production in their epidermis of swollen ...

The local structure of the Au(111)(square root(3) x square root(3))R30 degrees-methylthiolate surface phase has been investigated by S K-edge near-edge s-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) both experimentally and theoretically and by experimental normal-incidence x-ray standing waves (NIXSW) at both the C and S atomic sites. NEXAFS shows not only excitation into the intramolecular sigma(*) ...

Au on Si(111) in the 1 x 1 structure for different coverages and in the ~/3 x ~/3R30 °, and the 5 x 1 reconstructions has been studied by means of spin-, angle-, and energy-resolved photoemission. The photoemission studies were performed at normal incidence of the circularly polarized light and normal electron emission. In addition to Auand Si-derived peaks other highly spin-polarized peaks are...

Blood components must be transfused through a sterile, pyrogen-free transfusion set which has an in-line filter (170 μm pore size), drip chambers and tubing. The filter serves to remove potentially harmful clots and debris that may have formed during collection or storage. Although the Transfusion Services carefully inspect individual units before issuing, there is a slight chance that a small ...

Freestanding silicene, a monolayer of Si arranged in a honeycomb structure, has been predicted to give rise to massless Dirac fermions, akin to graphene. However, Si structures grown on a supporting substrate can show properties that strongly deviate from the freestanding case. Here, combining scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and differential conductance mapping, we show that the elec...

We have studied changes in surface morphology of vicinal Si(111) surfaces with a miscut of 1.3° in the [2:11] direction after Al deposition at elevated temperatures. The clean surface phase separates into a (111)-oriented phase and a stepped phase. Submonolayer Al deposition at 650°C, the normal preparation temperature of the Al/Si(111)-(E3×E3)R30° structure, only induces minor changes in the s...

In this work ultrathin iron silicide epilayers were obtained by the reaction of iron contaminants with the Si(1 1 1) substrate atoms during high-temperature flash. After repeated flashing at about 1125 C, reflection high-energy electron diffraction indicated silicide formation. Scanning tunneling microscopy revealed highly ordered surface superstructure interrupted, however, by a number of exte...

Adsorption structures formed upon vapor deposition of the natural amino acid L-cysteine onto the (111) surface of gold have been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Following deposition at room temperature and at cysteine coverages well below saturation of the first monolayer, we found coexistence of unordered molecular islands and extended domains o...