For both cancer therapy with protons and ions (hadron therapy) and space radiation environments, the spatial energy deposition patterns of the radiation fields are of importance for quantifying the resulting radiation damage in biological structures. Tissue-equivalent proportional counters (TEPC) are the principal instruments for measuring imparted energy on a microscopic scale and for characte...

introduction use of hadron therapy as an advanced radiotherapy technique is increasing. in this method, secondary particles are produced through primary beam interactions with the beam-transport system and the patient’s body. in this study, monte carlo simulations were employed to determine the dose of produced secondary particles, particularly neutrons during treatment. materials and methods i...

abstract nowadays, solar energy as one of the most important sources of clean and free of damaging environmental effects energy are used in many cases including generation of electricity, heat and desalination of salt water. the purpose of this research is identification of high radiation areas as most suitable regions for these applications.to do this, cloudiness data of 120 synoptic stations ...

One of the most important methods of saving energy and providing indoor comfort conditions of buildings is the careful design of the façades. A “double skin glass façade” is optimally one of the best options that control the heat interaction between indoor and outdoor spaces. Two kinds of heating energy is usually transmitted through exterior envelope “conduction” and “radiation”. Double skin g...

  Ionizing radiation has long been known to produce detrimental biological effects. Although these harmful effects are the results of high doses of exposure, some other maladies such as mutation and cancer seems  to be induced at low doses of exposure. In recent decades, however, some pioneer scientists have indicated that ionizing radiation like many other essential agents has toxic effects  ...

It is the first time to observe the synchrotron radiation emitted by runaway electrons with a visible CMOS camera in tokamak. Some information about runaway electron has been obtained in the EAST tokamak, which is the first full superconducting tokamak with non-circular cross-section in the world. Both the energy and pitch angle of runaway electrons have been derived from the measurement of syn...