BACKGROUND Response to growth hormone (GH) therapy may vary between individual patients. Therefore the use of GH in children should be closely monitored to avoid over, under, or ineffective treatment regimens. The treatment response can be evaluated using growth prediction models. In an effort to improve the accuracy of these prediction models, Ranke et al. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95(3):1229-3...

Introduction: Leigh disease and Leigh-like syndrome are a heterogenous group of neurodegenerative disorders involving any level the neuraxis may present with variety clinical presentations, prominent among them is psychomotor regression. Despite remarkable number established genes novel mutations being discovered, many cases remain without genetic diagnosis, indicating that there still more to ...

The possibility of early superficial Crohn's disease should be considered when mucosal irregularities without transmural abnormalities are seen in the distal 15 cm of the ileum in young patients with protracted symptoms of abdominal pain and diarrhoea. Radiologic assessment of the small bowel is improved using the barium/air double contrast technique and in this study mucosal abnormalities were...

BACKGROUND Tumors originating from the cervical sympathetic chain are uncommon but important entities in the differential diagnosis of parapharyngeal space masses. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of patients presenting with tumors of the cervical sympathetic chain. RESULTS Twenty-four patients presented between 1994 and 2010. Presenting symptoms were dysphagia (n = 7.29%), neck ...

Osteoblastomas are rare neoplasms of the spine. The majority of the spinal lesions arise from the posterior elements and involvement of the corpus is usually by extension through the pedicles. An extremely rare case of isolated C2 corpus osteoblastoma is presented herein. A 9-year-old boy who presented with neck pain and spasmodic torticollis was shown to have a lesion within the corpus of C2. ...

BACKGROUND Lemierre syndrome is a rare but serious illness that associates throat infection and thrombosis of the internal jugular vein (IJV) or one of its tributaries with subsequent distant septic emboli. The purpose of our study was to review the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and treatment of this disease. METHODS Patients with confirmed Lemierre syndrome were included in our retros...

Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neuroradiological syndrome characterized by headache, altered mental status, visual disturbance, and seizures with diagnostic MRI features, especially in the territories of posterior circulation. Reversibility of clinical and radiologic findings is generally regarded as a defining feature of PRES. Case Report: A 72-year old ma...