4 Abstract — Satellite communication systems operating at Ku (12/14 GHz) and Ka band (20/30 GHz) frequencies are used for broadband multimedia and internet based services. At these frequencies, the signal will be affected by various propagation impairments such as rain attenuation, cloud attenuation, tropospheric scintillation, ionospheric scintillation, water vapour attenuation, and rain and i...

This paper presents the experimental results of rain rate and rain attenuation measurements on six terrestrial microwave links in tropical Malaysia. The rain attenuation data were collected from six DIGI MINI-LINKs (DiGi Telecommunications Sdn. Bhd., Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia) operating at 15 GHz with 99.95 % availability. The experimental results were compared with th...

This paper investigates the benefits of integrating coarse resolution satellite-derived precipitation estimates with quasi-point rain gauge data for generating a fine spatial resolution precipitation map product. To integrate the two precipitation data sources, a geostatistical downscaling and integration approach is presented that can account for the differences in spatial resolution between d...

The rendering of photorealistic rain has been previously studied for monoscopic viewing. We extend the monoscopic statistical rain models to simulate the behavior and distribution of falling rain for stereo viewing. Our goal is to be able to render in real-time frame rates. In this investigation we ignore the complex issues of scene illumination and concentrate on the parameters that produce a ...

Precipitation and in particular rain present a random medium with constituent particles having dimensions comparable to the wavelength at millimeter-wave frequencies. Due considerable scattering of waves from such particles, significant signal attenuation phase front aberration can take place which are important factors that must be considered modern communication system or radar design. This p...

rain is one of the manifestations of the divine blessing for servants which plays a very important role in the life of this human being. man has paid special attention to rain since he stepped on earth. many poets have described rain, used it in their similes and composed poetry out of it. they have used rain as a symbol together with other symbols such as woman, praise, battleground and so man...

Past experiences with ERS and Topex/Poseidon altimeter data have shown that rain can significantly alter the quality of altimeter measurements (dynamic heights, significant wave heights, wind speed) [1][2][3][4]. Among all the different atmospheric phenomena which can affect the altimeter measurement, rain is one of the less well understood and at present no reliable correction can be made for ...