We present a neutron-scattering investigation of the crystal structure formed by pH -sensitive poly(2-vinylpyridine) microgel particles with 5 wt % of cross-linker. We focus on highly swollen particles and explore concentrations ranging from below close packing to well above close packing, where the particles are forced to shrink and/or interpenetrate. The crystal structure is found to be rando...

This paper addresses the geometric random packing and void fraction of polydisperse particles. It is demonstrated that the bimodal packing can be transformed into a continuous particle-size distribution of the power law type. It follows that a maximum packing fraction of particles is obtained when the exponent (distribution modulus) of the power law function is zero, which is to say, the cumula...

This paper calculates new bounds on the size of the performance gap between random codes and the best possible codes. The first result shows that, for large block sizes, the ratio of the error probability of a random code to the sphere-packing lower bound on the error probability of every code on the binary symmetric channel (BSC) is small for a wide range of useful crossover probabilities. Thu...

Random dense packing of poly-disperse discs and spheres generated under the infinitesimal gravity protocol is investigated by a Monte Carlo simulation. For the binary discs packed in two dimensions, the packing fraction of disc assembly becomes lower than that of the monodisperse system when the size ratio is close to unity. We show that the suppressed packing fraction is caused by an increase ...

In this paper we consider the two-dimensional (2D) rectangular packing problem, where a ®xed set of items have to be allocated on a single object. Two heuristics, which belong to the class of packing procedures that preserve bottomleft (BL) stability, are hybridised with three meta-heuristic algorithms (genetic algorithms (GA), simulated annealing (SA), naõve evolution (NE)) and local search h...

We report the results of high-accuracy controlled laboratory measurements of the Stokes reflection matrix for suspensions of submicrometer-sized latex particles in water and compare them with the results of a numerically exact computer solution of the vector radiative transfer equation (VRTE). The quantitative performance of the VRTE is monitored by increasing the volume packing density of the ...

Background: Bin packing is an NP hard optimization problem of packing items of given sizes into minimum number of capacity limited bins. Besides the basic problem, numerous other variants of bin packing exist. The cardinality constrained bin packing adds an additional constraint that the number of items in a bin must not exceed a given limit Nmax. Objectives: Goal of the paper is to present a p...

Despite its long history, there are many fundamental issues concerning random packings of spheres that remain elusive, including a precise definition of random close packing (RCP). We argue that the current picture of RCP cannot be made mathematically precise and support this conclusion via a molecular dynamics study of hard spheres using the Lubachevsky-Stillinger compression algorithm. We sug...

We introduce the strongly NP-complete pagination problem, an extension of Bin Packing where packing together two items may make them occupy less volume than the sum of their individual sizes. To achieve this property, an item is defined as a finite set of symbols from a given alphabet: while, in Bin Packing, any two such sets would be disjoint, in Pagination, they can share zero, one or more sy...

Photonic glass is a material class that can be used as photonic broadband reflectors, for example in the infrared regime as thermal barrier coating films. Photonic properties such as the reflectivity depend on the ordering and material packing fraction over the complete film thickness of up to 100 µm. Nanotomography allows acquiring these key parameters throughout the sample volume at the requi...