The distribution of species is limited by their ability to adapt to local environments. For adaptation by selection, genetic variability is crucial. As founder effects reduce genetic variability, extension of species' range borders is usually slow due to the reduced probability of successful colonization. However, the range limit might be extended by incorporating locally adapted genes. In west...

It has been known for some time that the slope of the species–area relationship increases asymptotically at broad spatial scales when richness is plotted against area on logarithmic axes. At continental to global scales, species–area relationships are determined to a large extent by the abundance and size distribution of species ranges. Here we present an analytical model that explicitly quanti...

We study the equivalence of ensembles for stationary measures of interacting particle systems with two conserved quantities and unbounded local state space. The main motivation is a condensation transition in the zero-range process which has recently attracted attention. Establishing the equivalence of ensembles via convergence in specific relative entropy, we derive the phase diagram for the c...

The phage 514-3 of Streptomyces griseus described in the preceding paper (Gilmour et al., 1959) has from the time of its isolation from soil, showed a high infectivity for a large number of diverse Streptomyces species. The application of pure-lining procedures involving transfers from plaques and continued propagation on the homologous host S. griseus strain 3475 has not altered the observed b...

We address a growing interest in trapping and cooling of mixed-species alkali-metal atoms. Long-range coefficients that arise in the multipole expansion of molecular potentials for unlike alkali-metal dimers are calculated. The coefficients for the heteronuclear alkali-metal dimers corresponding to different molecular symmetries that separate to nS-n8S ,nS-n8P ,nS-n8D , and nP-n8P atomic levels...