To characterize central integration of reflex responses to stimulation of mechanically and chemically sensitive receptors in the heart and lung, male rats (350 to 425 g) were anesthetized (pentobarbital, 50 mg/kg IP) and paralyzed (gallamine triethiodide, 25 mg/kg IV), and then they underwent bilateral sinoaortic denervation. Extracellular activity of neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (...

The special challenges of geriatric patients in the emergency department (ED) have been discussed for several decades. The unique nature of older patients and the notable challenges of caring for them have been described. Teaching curricula have even been developed for emergency medicine residents and practicing physicians to address these challenges and to optimize quality of care. The importa...

The focus of this study was to reconstruct a phylogenetic hypothesis for the moth subfamily Arctiinae (tiger moths, woolly bears) to investigate the evolution of larval and adult pharmacophagy of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and the pathway to PA chemical specialization in Arctiinae. Pharmacophagy, collection of chemicals for non-nutritive purposes, is well documented in many species, includin...

Molecular phylogenies and estimates of divergence times within the sister genera Macaranga and Mallotus were estimated using Bayesian relaxed clock analyses of two generic data sets, one per genus. Both data sets were based on different molecular markers and largely different samples. Per genus three calibration points were utilised. The basal calibration point (crown node of all taxa used) was...

OBJECTIVES Favourable results for collarless polished tapered stems have been reported, and cement creep due to taper slip may be a contributing factor. However, the ideal cement thickness around polished stems remains unknown. We investigated the influence of cement thickness on stem subsidence and cement creep. METHODS We cemented six collarless polished tapered (CPT) stems (two stems each ...

Tryptase, a protease produced by all mast cells, was evaluated as a clinical marker of systemic mastocytosis. Two sandwich immunoassays were evaluated, one which used the mAb G5 for capture, the other which used B12 for capture. The B12 capture assay measured both recombinant alpha- and beta-tryptase, whereas the G5 capture assay measured primarily recombinant beta-tryptase. G5 binds with low a...

F c ince the first description of a surgical reduction of a ygoma fracture by Duverney in 1751, many varying ethods of treatment have been described. Both inraoral and extraoral methods have become commonlace. The transoral approach was popularized by Keen n 1909, with later modifications by Goldthwaite and uinn. These techniques offer the advantages of avoidng any skin incision, thereby avoidi...

Ancient dispersal history may be obscured by subsequent dispersal events. Therefore, we intend to investigate the biogeography of metriorrhynchine net-winged beetles, a group characterized by limited dispersal propensity. We used DNA data to construct phylogenies and the BayesTraits and RASP programs to identify putative ancestral areas. Further, we inferred ultrametric trees to estimate the ag...

Central Pattern Generators (CPGs) are small, rhythmically active networks, which control simple repetitive behaviours, in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Research on CPGs aims at understanding how the periodic pattern is generated and modulated, by investigating the intrinsic and synaptic properties of the component neurons. In this study, we present a mathematical, biophysically-realistic ...

The study of island fauna has greatly informed our understanding of the evolution of diversity. We here examine the phylogenetics, biogeography, and diversification of the damselfly genera Nesobasis and Melanesobasis, endemic to the Fiji Islands, to explore mechanisms of speciation in these highly speciose groups. Using mitochondrial (COI, 12S) and nuclear (ITS) replicons, we recovered garli-pa...