Radiation inactivation is a method to determine the apparent target size of molecules. In this report we examined whether radiation inactivation of various enzymes and brain receptors is influenced by the preparation of samples preceding irradiation. The apparent target sizes of endogenous acetylcholinesterase and pyruvate kinase from rat brain and from rabbit muscle and benzodiazepine receptor...

Introduction Localized in vivo H NMR spectroscopy in the rat brain has demonstrated alterations in the concentrations of metabolites, mainly glucose, under various anesthetic agents. A high dose of pentobarbital showed significantly decreased glucose in the rat brain compared with rats under isoflurane anesthesia [1]. Similarly, a substantial increase of glucose was reported in rat cortex under...

Increased manganese (Mn) use in manufacturing and in gasoline has raised concern about Mn-induced parkinsonism. Previous research indicated carrier-mediated brain entry but did not assess brain efflux. Using in situ rat brain perfusion, we studied influx across the blood-brain barrier (BBB*) of three predominant plasma Mn species available to enter the brain: Mn2+, Mn citrate, and Mn transferri...

Background: Alpha lipoic acid has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics is abundantly distributed in cellular membranes the cytoplasm. It among top cell- protective antioxidants. Material methods : The present work investigated possible therapeutic effects of alpha a male rat model brain aging induced by D-galactose. Four equal-sized groups 40 rats were randomly assigned: G1, control...

Mild traumatic brain injury typically involves temporary impairment of neurological function. Previous studies used the water pressure or rotational injury for designing the device to make a rat mild traumatic brain injury model. The objective of this study was to make a simple model of mild traumatic brain injury in rat. The device consisted of a freefall impactor that was targeted onto the ra...

Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), also known as growth differentiation factor 2 (GDF2), is a member of the transforming ? (TGF ?) superfamily. Although BMP9 plays pivotal roles during development, including angiogenesis, hematopoiesis, hepatogenesis, osteogenesis, and glucose metabolism, little information available for expression in central nervous system (CNS). We, thus, investigated adult...

We have shown that ginsenoside Rf (Rf) regulates voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels through pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive G proteins in rat sensory neurons. These results suggest that Rf can act through a novel G protein-linked receptor in the nervous system. In the present study, we further examined the effect of Rf on G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K(+) (GIRK) channels after coexpress...

norepinephrine turnover in rat brain during chronic administration of imipramine and protriptyline: a possible explanation for the delay in onset of clinical antidepressant Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone, norepinephrine and acetylcholine on the activity of neurons in the hypothalamus, septum and cerebral cortex of the rat. TRH immunoreactivity in rat hypothalamus and brain: Assessment...