Running head: Spontaneous and selective activity 2 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 1. We investigate the conditions under which cortical activity alone makes spontaneous activity self-reproducing and stable against uctuations of spike rates. Invoking simple assumptions about properties of integrate-and-re neurons it is shown that the stochastic background activity, of 1-5 spikes/second, cannot be stabi...

Heart rate variability (HRV), the beat-to-beat alterations in heart rate, comprises sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activities of the heart. HRV analysis is used to quantify cardiac autonomic regulation. Since respiration could be a confounding factor in HRV evaluation, some studies recommend consciously controlled breathing to standardize the method. However, it remains unclear whether c...

objectives: the purpose of this study was to determine barriers and motivators of physical activity in older adults. methods & materials: in this cross sectional study 153 older adults were participated through classified randomized clustering method. the questionnaires were completed in face to face interview. descriptive statistics and u mann whitney test were used to analyzing data. results:...

  Clonidine, an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist not only induces analgesia but also prolongs the effects of local anesthetic substances. In the present study the effects of clonidine on spontaneous and formalin-induced electrical activity from dorsal skin nerve were investigated. The results showed that clonidine (0.5 mM) decreased the formalin effect on electrical nerve activity whereas clonidi...

purpose : the objective of this study was to investigate the causes, the clinical presentation, and treatment modalities in patients with valsalva premacular hemorrhage. methods : this case series study included 21 eyes of 21 patients referred to retina clinic of farabi eye hospital and two private eye clinics during 2001-2006 with sudden loss of vision and clinical diagnosis of premacular hemo...

OBJECTIVES To determine physical activity in healthy boys and how physical activity relates to training and daily awake hours. STUDY DESIGN In 66 boys (5 to 15 years) affiliated with an ice-hockey club, we measured total daily energy expenditure (TDEE, doubly-labeled water) and basal metabolic rate (ventilated-hood method). Physical activity energy expenditure for the whole day (DAEE), during...

Spontaneous fetal swallowing occurs at a markedly higher rate compared with spontaneous adult drinking activity. This high rate of fetal swallowing is critical for amniotic fluid volume regulation. Central NO is critical for maintaining the normal rate of fetal swallowing, as nonselective inhibition of NO (with central N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) suppresses spontaneous and angiotensin I...

background: spinal cord injury (sci) is a major clinical condition and research is commonly done to find suitable treatment options. however, there are some degrees of spontaneous recovery after sci and gender is said to be a contributing factor in recovery, but this is controversial. this study was done to compare the effects of sexual dimorphism on spontaneous recovery after spinal cord injur...