Prospect theory is an alternative theory of choice under conditions of risk, and deviates from expected utility theory by positing that people evaluate choices with respect to gains and losses from a reference point. They tend to overweight losses with respect to comparable gains and engage in risk-averse behavior with respect to gains and risk-acceptant behavior with respect to losses. They al...

A model is proposed in which stochastic choice results from noise in cognitive processing rather than random variation in preferences. The mental process used to make a choice is nonetheless optimal, subject to a constraint on available information-processing capacity that is partially motivated by neurophysiological evidence. The optimal information-constrained model is found to offer a better...

Criminology and Penology Theories Anomie Differential Association Theory Deviance Labeling Theory Psychopathy Rational Choice Theory Social Control Theory Social Disorganization Theory Social Learning Theory Strain Theory Subcultural Theory Symbolic Interactionism · Victimology Types of crimes Blue-collar crime · Corporate crime Juvenile crime Organized crime Political crime · Public order crim...

Title of Document: COMMUNICATING THROUGH VIOLENCE: AN APPLICATION OF RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY TO TERRORIST CLAIMS OF RESPONSIBILITY Melissa Lynn Rorie, Master of Arts, 2008 Directed By: Associate Professor Laura Dugan, Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice The present research applied rational choice theory to terrorists’ decisions to formally claim responsibility for an attack. Logistic...

Routines and instincts are similar in terms of function and structure: 1) With respect to function, they economize on scarce decision-making resources, such as cognitive faculties, by making actions, within limits, inflexible vis-à-vis fluctuating environmental stimuli. As inflexible patterns, they are units that can be transferred via inheritance or social learning. 2) With respect to structur...

Given the important role that intentions play in the way we make decisions, we would expect intentions to occupy a substantial place in any theory of action. Surprisingly enough, in what is perhaps the most influential theory of action, rational choice theory, explicit reference is made to actions, strategies, information, outcomes and preferences but not to intentions. This is not to say that ...

This paper reviews topics in price theory such as rational choice, Walrasian equilibria, complete and incomplete markets, externalities and nonmarket goods, strategic pricing with complete and incomplete information, and some behavioral anomalies. Contains index.

Agents that interact in complex social situations need to take the social context in consideration in order to perform believably. We argue that social identity is an important factor; therefore, agents should incorporate social identity theory in their behaviour, which implies the ability to categorize others (and themselves) into social groups. In addition, social situations often present soc...