The following text is an outline of a review paper on Moore and Seiberg’s equations, Topological (Projective) Field Theories in three dimensions and their relationship with Grothendieck’s second paragraph of the “Esquisse d’un Programme”. Because of schedule and length problems this review paper has not been included in this volume. First of all, we recall the construction of projective topolog...

This paper reviews studies on eye movements in decision making, and compares their observations to theoretical predictions concerning the role of attention in decision making. Four decision theories are examined: rational models, bounded rationality, evidence accumulation, and parallel constraint satisfaction models. Although most theories were confirmed with regard to certain predictions, none...

Three types of normative planning theories have been popular among planners in the United State and Western Europe in recent years, with a fourth knocking at the door. In contrast, rational planners in South Asian cities, realizing that their resources are limited, have traditionally practised a synoptic approach to planning. Unfortunately, most of their planning initiatives have been futile, o...

We study the partition function for the low-energy edge excitations of the incompressible electron fluid. On an annular geometry, these excitations have opposite chiralities on the two edges; thus, the partition function takes the standard form of rational conformal field theories. In particular, it is invariant under modular transformations of the toroidal geometry made by the angular variable...

Theoretically advanced sciences such as physics and biolo~y have developed two complementary and Beld-ernbracmg epis­ temologies or frameworks for the pursuit of scientific under­ standing. One, the tmpirical f'pistemology. aims to test theories and develop a reliable body of facts and ",a)·world appllcanons, whereas the other. the ratumalrJ'istrmoloi:Y' aims to create and develop theories for ...

The authors assume that individuals adapt rationally to a utility function given constraints imposed by their cognitive architecture and the local task environment. This assumption underlies a new approach to modeling and understanding cognition-cognitively bounded rational analysis-that sharpens the predictive acuity of general, integrated theories of cognition and action. Such theories provid...

A growing interest in decision making in psychology is evidenced by the recent publication of Edwards’ review article in the Psychological Bulletin (1) and the Santa Monica Conference volume, Decision Processes (7). In this work, much attention has been focused on the characterization of rational choice, and because the latter topic has been a central concern in economics, the theory of decisio...

In the framework of propositional Lukasiewicz logic, a suitable notion of implicit definability, tailored to the intended real-valued semantics and referring to the elements of its domain, is introduced. Several variants of implicitly defining each of the rational elements in the standard semantics are explored, and based on that, a faithful interpretation of theories in Rational Pavelka logic ...

In this paper I argue that Peter Karp's proposals about 'hypothesis formation as design' and computational models, Gensim and Hypgene (Karp, 1992; Karp, 1993), can be employed to analyse and model rational drug design. Hypgene modifies theories and initial conditions by reasoning backwards from the difference between predictions and experimental observation. I investigate how rational drug desi...

Iterative algebraic theories were introduced by Calvin C. Elgot in Elgot (1975) as a concept serving the study of computation (on, say, Turing machines) at a level abstracting from the nature of external memory. The main example presented by Elgot is the theory of rational trees, that is, infinite trees that are solutions of systems of finitary iterative equations. Or, equivalently, that posses...