An experiment has been performed to utilize the wasted and disposed fish from White Nile River after simple heat treatments (Sun drying, roasting, direct boiling and indirect boiling) in layers’ rations from 19 up to 40 weeks to replace the imported concentrate with the levels of 0, 1.5, 3.5 and 5% for all heat treatments. The crude protein of treated fish was 50.75, 52.50, 50.55 and 50.05% for...

An'outline of the recentAgricultural Research Council (UK) proposals for assessing protein requirements of ruminants (ARC, 1980), is presented, The importance of considering both rumen degradable protein (RDP) and rumen undegradable protein (WYP) is n&d, Calculations of the protein requirements and formulation of rations for (i) a high yielding' cow in early lactation and (ii) a growing/fatteni...

The question of the balance between acid and base-forming mineral elements in foodstuffs has figured more or less prominently in discussions of rations for both man and animals during the last decade. Based principally on the work of Forbes,' Sherman and Gettler2 , and !Castle3 , there has developed a considerable tendency to emphasize the necessity for a balance between potential acid and base...

In the classical theory of protein metabolism proposed by Folin (1) two types of protein metabolism are recognized, one a constant or endogenous metabolism, and the other a variable or exogenous metabolism. According to this theory the endogenous metabolism is represented by the excretion of creatinine at a relatively constant rate which is independent of protein intake. More recently, as point...

The study evaluated replacement of Egyptian berseem clover (BC, Trifolium alexandrinum) with spent rice straw (SRS) of Pleurotus ostreatus basidiomycete in diets of lactating Baladi goats. Nine lactating homo-parity Baladi goats (average BW 23.8±0.4 kg) at 7 d postpartum were used in a triplicate 3×3 Latin square design with 30 d experimental periods. Goats were fed a basal diet containing 0 (C...

Heifer rearing is one of the largest production expenses for dairy cattle operations, which is one reason milking operations outsource heifer rearing to custom developers. The cost of harvested feedstuffs is a major expense in heifer rearing. A possible way to lower feed costs is to graze dairy heifers, but little research exists on this topic in the mid-south United States. The objectives of t...

This experiment was conducted in the Fish Laborator/ Department of Animal Production/College Agricultural Engineering/University Baghdad for 3 months from 10/21/2020, with aim evaluating use dried Aloe vera leaf and gel powder diets common carp Cyprinus carpio L. In experiment, 18 glass aquariums dimensions 40 x 30 cm (capacity 36 liters) were used, which 90 fish an initial weight 2 ± 45 g/fish...

BACKGROUND Previous military studies have shown an energy deficit during a strenuous field training course (TC). This study aimed to determine the effects of energy bar supplementation on energy balance, physical activity (PA), physical performance and well-being and to evaluate ad libitum fluid intake during wintertime 8-day strenuous TC. METHODS Twenty-six men (age 20±1 yr.) were randomly d...

INTRODUCTION AND AIM In a human body iron occurs at a level of 3 to 5 g, 60-70 % of which are in hemoglobin, ca. 10% in myoglobin, and ca. 3% are accumulated in enzymes of cellular respiration or enzymes degrading toxic hydrogen peroxide. The other part of iron is accumulated in liver, spleen, kidneys and bone marrow. The dietary deficiency of iron appears at its insufficient level in a diet an...