Cache hierarchies play a very important role in bridging the speed gap between processors and memory. As this gap increases, it becomes increasingly important to intelligently design and manage a cache system. The performance of current caches is reduced because more than half of the data that is brought into the cache is never referenced, resulting in very low utilization. We propose line dist...

The catalytic esterification of n-propyl propionate using propionic acid and n-propyl alcohol as reactants via a conventional pilot plant reactive distillation column was carried-out. The strongly acidic ion-exchange resin Amberlyst46TM was used as the solid acid catalyst. The influence of the reflux ratio (from 2.0 to 2.5), the molar feed ratio (from 2.0 to 2.5), and total feed (from 3.0 to 4....

The objective of the work is to analyze and predict the multiple steady states through dynamic analysis when the reactive distillation column is subject to different input disturbances. The dynamic simulations are carried out to analyze the open loop dynamic responses of the system using step changes in the manipulated variable (reflux ratio, holdup, hydrocarbon mixture feed stage, hydrocarbon ...

The vacuum distillation of methanol from aqueous formaldehyde solution is an important step in the production of formaldehyde by silver process. In this work the separation of this reactive threecomponent mixture is discussed. Physico-chemical phase equilibrium model proposed by Maurer was used in order to investigate the influence of some operating parameters on the performance of the column. ...

Three new volatile cobalt amidinate compounds were prepared: Co(tBuNC(R)NEt)2, R=Me, Et and n-Bu. They were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, X-ray structure analysis, melting point, vapor pressure, vaporization rate, thermal stability and chemical reactivity. They were found to evaporate cleanly without decomposition. Two of them are liquids at room temperature, allowing for more co...

Various commonly used organic solvents were dried with several different drying agents. A glovebox-bound coulometric Karl Fischer apparatus with a two-compartment measuring cell was used to determine the efficiency of the drying process. Recommendations are made relating to optimum drying agents/conditions that can be used to rapidly and reliably generate solvents with low residual water conten...

Essential oils have increasing importance in flavour and fragrance industries. They are obtained by distillation techniques. In order to produce an oil with market potential its optimum production parameters have to be well known prior to its commercial production. Determination of the steam distillation parameters of commercially available Laurel leaves oil in pilot plant scale is described. T...

Crude oil distillation (atmospheric distillation column with furnace) consumes about 50% of the energy required in oil refinery plant. To achieve further reduction of the energy required in oil refinery plants, it is required to investigate the crude oil distillation and to retrofit it for energy saving process. Recently, authors developed an innovative process design technology, self-heat recu...

This work is motivated by the current obstacles hindering implementation of reactive distillation in industry, mainly related to complexities its design and control, as well impact uncertainties thereupon. A framework systematically investigate uncertainty on processes presented, considering relevant control system potential redesign column, possibly including additional ancillary equipment, wi...

Due to increasing of biodiesel production in recent years, the utilization of its byproduct, glycerol, into high-value chemicals becomes more important. The esterification reaction of glycerol with acetic acid to produce triacetin is one such application. Triacetin is used mainly as a plasticizer and a gelatinizing agent in polymers, explosives and also as an additive in tobacco, pharmaceutical...