reactor core for nuclear power plant (1293 mwe) is of pressurized water reactor (pwr) type , with net electric output of 1200 mwe. the reactor is designed by a german company kwu (krafts werk :union:). in order to introduce the methods of calculation of the reactor core parameters to the students at the institute of nuclear science and technology, and in addition to provide them with the basic ...

The flux and the spectrum of reactor antineutrinos depend not only on the current reactor state, which is specified by the power level and the isotope composition of the nuclear fuel used, but also on the preceding evolution of the fuel. The spectrum of antineutrinos produced in the beta decay of fission products and other radioactive nuclei accumulated in the reactor core begin to evolve towar...

Calcium is essential to the growth of several strains of microorganisms involved in anaerobic digestion. It has also been found to be effective in speeding up granulation of anaerobic sludges. But there are reports that the metal can exert a harmful effect on the performance of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor by causing the ‘cementing’ of some of the active sludge in the reactor,...

Control of complex nonlinear systems brings challenges in the controller design. One of methods how to cope with this challenge is the usage of advanced optimization methods. This work presents application of self-organizing migrating algorithm (SOMA) in control of the semi-batch reactor. The reactor is used in chromium recycling process in leather industry. Because of the complexity of this se...

This contribution deals with the behaviour of a SHARON reactor for nitrogen removal from wastewater streams with high ammonium concentrations. A system analysis is performed on a two-step nitrification model, describing the behaviour of such a reactor. Steady states are identified through direct calculation using a canonical state space model representation. Practical operation of a SHARON reac...

We present the status of the Angra Neutrino project, describing the development of an antineutrino detector aimed to monitor nuclear reactor activity. The experiment will take place at the Brazilian nuclear power plant located in Angra dos Reis. The Angra II reactor, with 4GW of thermal power, will be used as a source of antineutrinos. We expect to observe about one thousand events per day with...

After the first life cycle of plastics various recycling processes are available for further utilization of these valuable materials. For an ecologically and economically satisfying solution the most suitable process has to be chosen. In chemical recycling polymers are degraded to basic chemical substances which can be reused in the petrochemical industry. For soiled waste plastics or waste pla...

In this paper, the modeling of a dynamic chemical engineering process is presented in a highly understandable way using a unique combination of the simplified fundamental theory and direct hands-on computer simulation. The main aim is to use them for analysis, optimise and adaptive control of behavior of dynamical system, especially of a given chemical reactor. A non-linear mathematical model i...

Wine distillery wastewater, commonly called vinasses, was treated by an anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactor (AMBBR) with 32.9 litre available volume. The reactor was filled with 66% cylindrical polyethylene supports with density 0.84 g cm(-3) as a biofilm carrier. The reactor was sequentially mixed by a submerged centrifugal pump fixed to the bottom, and each mixing time just lasted 1.25 minut...

A mathematical model of microbial growth for limiting nutrient in a plug flow reactor which accounts for the colonization of the reactor wall surface by the microbes is formulated and studied analytically and numerically. It can be viewed as a model of the large intestine or of the fouling of a commercial bio-reactor or pipe flow. Two steady state regimes are identified, namely, the complete wa...