Abstract Some realists in political theory deny that the notion of feasibility has any place realist theory, while others claim constraints are essential elements normative theorising. But none have so far clarified what exactly they referring to when thinking and realism together. In this article, we develop a conception frontier based on an appraisal how should be distinguished from non-ideal...

Philosophy in the contemporary era has different characteristics from previous era. Some of its characteristics, namely departing humans who live this age are very careful following scientific development methods as well examining language, meaning, symbols and emotions, human life attitudes. Technology dominates so that many philosophers realists soul experience emptiness. It can be said disti...

Abstract According to selective, retentive, scientific realism, past empirical success may be explained only by the parts of theories that are responsible their successful predictions being approximately true, and thus theoretically retained, or approximated, posterior same predictions. In this article, we present as case study transit from Ptolemy’s Kepler’s astronomy, for Mars’ orbit. We an a...

Abstract A prevailing understanding of realism, chiefly among its critics, casts realists as those who seek a ‘distinctively political normativity’, where this is interpreted meaning nonmoral in kind. Moralists, on account, are reject and believe that normativity remains moral. Critics have then focused much their attention demonstrating the search for doomed to fail which, if right, would seem...

This article explores a key difference that Elder-Vass has identified between critical realism and pragmatism: their divergent views on the viability of concept social structure. Noting this is also point dispute realists Actor-Network Theorists, I try to contribute debate about structure by focusing question whether organizations are structures, drawing pragmatist-leaning ANT - Bruno Latour ev...

BACKGROUND Some realists have criticised randomised controlled trials for their inability to explain the causal relations that they identify; to take into account the influence of the social context of the interventions they evaluate; and to account for individual difference. However, among realists, there is controversy over whether it is possible to improve trials by making them realist, or w...

It seems that a fixed bias toward simplicity should help one find the truth, since scientific theorizing is guided by such a bias. But it also seems that a fixed bias toward simplicity cannot indicate or point at the truth, since an indicator has to be sensitive to what it indicates. I argue that both views are correct. It is demonstrated, for a broad range of cases, that the Ockham strategy of...

In response to historical challenges, advocates of a sophisticated variant of scientific realism emphasize that theoretical systems can be divided into numerous constituents. Setting aside any epistemic commitment to the systems themselves, they maintain that we can justifiably believe those specific constituents that are deployed in key successful predictions. Stathis Psillos articulates an ex...

john hick’s pluralism hypothesis is an endeavor from and within christian tradition to explain the relation of christianity with other world religions. his basically claim is that all religions epistemologically have the same value and do well in leading their followers to the ultimate salvation. for justifying his claim, hick has to defend his hypothesis at two levels: first he has to defend t...

superpowers write the international dramatics, stage manager and carry out it but they ignore whenever these principles and normatives do not provide their interests. the main core of neo-realists reasoning is that nuclear superpowers are much dangerous and more threatening than small powers. this article tries to indicates that us. and israel in spite of the fact are nuclear states and ignore ...