in this commentary, the idea of closing the gap between knowing and doing through closing the gap between academics and practitioners is explored. the two communities approach to knowledge production and use, has predominated within healthcare, resulting in a separation between the worlds of research and practice, and, therefore, between its producers and users. meaningful collaborations betwee...

Beginning readers decode words through individual pronunciation of the sounds represented by each letter in succession. This method requires not only the mapping of speech sounds onto their graphic representations, but also the more basic knowledge that words have the potential to be broken up into their component sounds, a skill called phonological awareness. Competency in phonological awarene...

research and developmentexpenditure (r&d;) in new literature plays an important role in economic growth. investment in r&d;, increases level of knowledge and enhanced knowledge, increase production efficiency and from efficiency channel economic growth improves. many studies have been done on the r&d; not used unit of data for this variable. this is due to a lack of labor and the level of inves...

This study aimed at investigating the effects of English as foreign language proficiency onlexical attrition of Iranian learners in Nouroz holidays. For this purpose, 90 students studiedEnglish translation at Qazvin Azad University were selected. They were sophomore and wereaccessible for the present study. After administering a proficiency test (OPT), 60 students wereselected according to the ...

There is at present no clear consensus as to the nature of the relations between oral vocabulary and specific literacy skills. The present study distinguished between vocabulary breadth and depth of vocabulary knowledge to better explain the role of oral vocabulary in various reading skills. A sample of 60 typically developing Grade 4 students was assessed on measures of receptive and expressiv...

Receptive vocabulary development is a component of the human language system that emerges in the first year of life and is characterised by onward expansion throughout life. Beginning in infancy, children's receptive vocabulary knowledge builds the foundation for oral language and reading skills. The foundations for success at school are built early, hence the public health policy focus on redu...

intangibility of knowledge and unclear relationship between inputs and outputs has caused difficulties in knowledge production control. in this paper we present a model to clarify the relationships between inputs and outputs in knowledge production and develop knowledge production functions. in order to accomplish this, we extract resources of knowledge production and product utility indices fr...

Background: Autism as part of the category called Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is caused by disorders in brain and nervous network and characterized by defect in social behavior, language and cognition. This study aimed to investigate receptive and expressive language performance and the severity of the disorder in 30 children with autism aged 2-8 years who speak in Persian language. Materi...