Aims: It was aimed to investigate postoperative conformal radiotherapy planning that provides the best target volume and the least dose for critical organs in cancers of stomach. Methods: This study was conducted on the CT simulation images of thirty patients diagnosed with gastric cancer. Target volumes and the organs at risk were contoured. AP-PA reciprocal parallel field conventional plan an...

Crossovers ensure proper chromosome segregation in meiosis. A heterodimer of MutS proteins, hMSH4-hMSH5, has recently been found to interact with recombination intermediates in a manner that suggests a mechanism for directing meiotic DNA double strand break repair towards a crossover pathway.

Let be a closed oriented contour on the Riemann sphere. Let E and F be polynomials of degree n + 1, with zeros respectively on the positive and negative sides of . We compute the [n=n] and [n 1=n] Padé denominator at 1 to f (z) = Z 1 z t dt E (t)F (t) : As a consequence, we compute the nth orthogonal polynomial for the weight 1= (EF ). In particular, when is the unit circle, this leads to an ex...

Meiotic recombination generates gene conversion and crossover events that are distributed heterogeneously in the genome. Studies in yeast show that initiation of recombination, which occurs by the formation of DNA double-strand breaks, determines the distribution of gene conversion and crossover events that take place in nearby intervals. Recent data in humans and mice also indicate the presenc...

We examine sequences of polynomials with {+1,−1} coefficients constructed using the iterations p(x) → p(x) ± xd+1p∗(−x), where d is the degree of p and p∗ is the reciprocal polynomial of p. If p0 = 1 these generate the Rudin-Shapiro polynomials. We show that the L4 norm of these polynomials is explicitly computable. We are particularly interested in the case where the iteration produces sequenc...

We derive necessary conditions related to the notions, in additive combinatorics, of Sidon sets and sum-free sets, on those exponents d ∈ Z/(2 − 1)Z which are such that F (x) = x is an APN function over F2n (which is an important cryptographic property). We study to which extent these new conditions may speed up the search for new APN exponents d. We also show a new connection between APN expon...

A reciprocal polynomial g(x) ∈ Z[x] is such that g(0) 6= 0 and if g(α) = 0 then g(1/α) = 0. The non-reciprocal part of a monic polynomial f(x) ∈ Z[x] is f(x) divided by the product of its irreducible monic reciprocal factors (to their multiplicity). This paper presents an algorithm for testing the irreducibility of the nonreciprocal part of a 0, 1-polynomial (a polynomial having each coefficien...

In the case that k = n− 1, the polynomial Pn,k(x) takes the form Pn,n−1(x) = (x+ 1) n − x. If n is not a prime, Pn,n−1(x) is reducible over Q. If n = p is prime, the polynomial Pn,n−1(x) = Pp,p−1(x) is irreducible as Eisenstein’s criterion applies to the reciprocal polynomial xPp,p−1(1/x). This note concerns the irreducibility of Pn,k(x) in the case where 1 ≤ k ≤ n− 2. Computations for n ≤ 100 ...

Plasmids capable of undergoing genetic exchange in mitotically dividing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells were used to measure the length of gene conversion events, to determine patterns of coconversion when multiple markers were present, and to correlate the incidence of reciprocal recombination with the length of conversion tracts. To construct such plasmids, restriction site linkers were insert...