BACKGROUND The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus continues to cause disease in poultry and humans. The hemagglutinin (HA) envelope protein is the primary target for subunit vaccine development. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We used baculovirus-insect cell expression to obtain trimeric recombinant HA (rHA) proteins from two HPAI H5N1 viruses. We investigated trimeric rHA pro...

The dengue viruses are estimated to cause several hundred thousand cases of dengue fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome annually. Attempts to prevent the infection focus on the development of a vaccine that would protect against all four serotypes of the dengue virus. Various biotechnological approaches are being explored, including the use of live attenuated or inactivate...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Brucellosis is an important health problem in developing countries and no vaccine is available for the prevention of infection in humans. Because of clinically infectious diseases and their economic consequences in human and animals, designing a proper vaccine against Brucella is desirable. In this study, we evaluated the immune responses induced by a designed recombin...

Foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious disease that produces severe economic losses in the livestock industry. This disease is being controlled by the use of an inactivated vaccine. However, the use of recombinant empty capsids as a subunit vaccine has been reported to be a promising candidate because it avoids the use of virus in the vaccine production. A plasmid containing the capsid p...

In the development of subunit vaccines with purified or recombinant antigens for cancer and infectious diseases, the design of improved and safe adjuvants able to efficiently target the antigen presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, represents a crucial challenge. Nanoparticle-based antigen delivery systems have been identified as an innovative strategy to improve the efficacy of subunit va...

Among the emerging subunit vaccines are recombinant protein- and synthetic peptide-based vaccine formulations. However, proteins and peptides have a low intrinsic immunogenicity. A common strategy to overcome this is to co-deliver (an) antigen(s) with (an) immune modulator(s) by co-encapsulating them in a particulate delivery system, such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particles. Parti...

The ethics statement on page 4788 should read as follows (corrected text shown in bold): “This study was carried out strict accordance with the recommendations of Animal Welfare Act 1985 (P.L. 99–198). research protocol reviewed and approved by Institutional Care Use Committee Cornell University (protocol number 2015–0085).” authors regret error. Immunization a novel recombinant protein (YidR) ...

The novel coronavirus disease is a rapidly spreading infection caused by recently discovered different variants of SARS CoV-2 viruses, causing mild to severe respiratory symptoms in the majority people. Coronavirus 2019 pandemic has spread almost all nooks and corners world. There are significant possible approaches pharmaceutically fight against COVID-19. Original full-text research articles w...

Fish iridoviruses cause systemic diseases with high mortality in various species of wild and farm-raised fish, resulting in severe economic losses. In 1998, we isolated a new epizootic iridovirus in cultured grouper (Epinephelus sp.) in Taiwan, thus named as grouper iridovirus of Taiwan (TGIV). We report here the cloning of TGIV major capsid protein (MCP). Phylogenetic analysis of the iridovira...

We have constructed an overexpression system in which the gene encoding the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) was placed under the control of the strong tacP promoter in a wide host range plasmid. Recombinant nontoxigenic classical and E1 Tor Vibrio cholerae strains of different serotypes harboring this plasmid excreted 10- to 100-fold higher amounts of CTB than any other wild-type or recombinan...