Suppose that M is a smooth manifold and Tt : M → M is a flow, i.e. a one-parameter group of diffeomorphisms. One way of studying this flow is by looking at a cross-section—that is to say, a codimension 1 submanifold N ⊂ M that is transverse to the direction of the flow. The transversality condition implies that each orbit intersects N in a discrete set. In other words, for each point x of M , t...

One of the barriers to implementation steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) into structural applications is lack understanding shear behaviour SFRC members. This paper proposes a theoretical model for capacity members with mild reinforcement based on shear-carrying mechanisms and sectional analysis. The derived completely theoretically, concepts from literature, does not include new empirical ...

This paper introduces an experimental work to study the behavior of 12 recycled aggregate concrete-filled steel tubular (RACFST) short columns with high-strength concrete grade subjected axial compression loading. These formed from six different cross-sections involving triangle, elliptical, and hexagon, whereas other three sections included traditional forms for control purposes, square, recta...

The comparison between steel structures and reinforced concrete has always been governed by economy response to earthquake. Steel being lighter are thus more efficient resist On the other hand, they expensive (4 5 times). Theoretically, two structural elements having same plastic moment have an equal failure or collapse load. Different profiles of IPE realized in industry all their characterist...

Current approach for designing of reinforced concrete members is based on the load and resistance factor. However the load and resistance parameters are random variables, the constant values have been designated for them in the designing procedure. Assuming these factors as the constants, will be led to the unsafe and uneconomical designs. Safe designing of structures requires appropriate recog...