OBJECTIVE Radiotherapy for prostate cancer does not explicitly take into account daily variation in the position of the rectum. It is important to accurately assess accumulated dose (DA) to the rectum in order to understand the relationship between dose and toxicity. The primary objective of this work was to quantify systematic (Σ) and random (σ) variation in the position of the rectum during a...

Chromogranin A (CgA) is a well-established marker for diagnosis and follow up of patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NEN). Recently, it has been shown that plasma levels of CgA correlate with tumor load and predict survival of patients with NEN of the small bowel. It is assumed that this is as well valid for NEN of the colon and rectum, however, this is not suppor...

Sturgeon is one of the most important species of the Caspian Sea aquatics. Unfortunately, this species faces the threat of extinction today. This makes specific studies on any type of sturgeons more important than before. Studies like histological studies, radiology, and sonography, all require a complete understanding of the anatomy of this fish. Since pilot studies showed some misconceptions ...

BACKGROUND There is a difference in the location of colorectal mucosal lesions and invasive cancers. AIMS To ascertain whether the location of colorectal neoplasms reflects the carcinogenesis pathway. METHODS The subject material consisted of 4147 neoplastic lesions that had been resected endoscopically or surgically from 5025 patients. Mucosal lesions and submucosal cancers were classified...

BACKGROUND Prevention of rectal HIV transmission is a high-priority goal for vaccines and topical microbicides because a large fraction of HIV transmissions occurs rectally. Yet, little is known about the specific target-cell milieu in the human rectum other than inferences made from the colon. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive comparative in situ fluorescence study of HIV target cells (CC...

BACKGROUND Heterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM) is the most reported epithelial heterotopia, but it is very rare in the rectum and anus. METHODS The first case of an asymptomatic adult male with a large nonpolypoid HGM in the low rectum underwent complete resection by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is reported. The systematic review was based on a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE a...

Small cell carcinoma of the rectum is extremely rare. The present study aimed to improve the recognition of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features observed in patients with small cell carcinoma of the rectum. A total of 4 cases of patients with histologically confirmed small cell carcinoma of the rectum were retrospectively reviewed. The imaging features assessed...

Objectives: To determine the clinical presentation of patients Carcinoma Rectum and Different modalities treatment.
 Methodology: This was a Prospective observational study conducted in from May 2019 to April 2021 at Liaquat University Medical Health Sciences (LUMHS) Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. The comprises 50 patients. All were admitted Outpatient Department (OPD). evaluated fully after h...

Congenital Strictures are usually the result of inadequate' union between the proctodoeal invagination and the hind-gut proper. Any degree of obstruction, from stenosis of the anal orifice up to complete atresia of the anal canal, may be present. Imperforate anus may be associated with absence of a portion or the whole of the rectum. Operations upon such cases early in life may be followed by m...