‎let $g=(v(g),e(g))$ be a simple connected graph with vertex set $v(g)$ and edge‎ ‎set $e(g)$‎. ‎the (first) edge-hyper wiener index of the graph $g$ is defined as‎: ‎$$ww_{e}(g)=sum_{{f,g}subseteq e(g)}(d_{e}(f,g|g)+d_{e}^{2}(f,g|g))=frac{1}{2}sum_{fin e(g)}(d_{e}(f|g)+d^{2}_{e}(f|g)),$$‎ ‎where $d_{e}(f,g|g)$ denotes the distance between the edges $f=xy$ and $g=uv$ in $e(g)$ and $d_{e}(f|g)=s...

Ommochromes are one of the major pigments involved in coloration of eggs, eyes, and body surface of insects. However, the molecular mechanisms of the final steps of ommochrome pigment synthesis have been largely unknown. The eggs of the silkworm Bombyx mori contain a mixture of ommochrome pigments, and exhibit a brownish lilac color. The recessive homozygous of egg and eye color mutant, red egg...

This study aims to explore the potential and advantage of using the red-edge spectral bands of the forthcoming Vegetation and Environmental New micro Spacecraft (VENμS) for assessing Leaf Area Index (LAI) in field crops. Field spectral data were collected from experimental plots of wheat and potato at the northwestern Negev, Israel. These data were resampled to the VENμS bands being used for ca...

The Red clover necrotic mosaic virus capsid is utilized to package and release molecules through reversible depletion and re-addition of divalent cations.

The Road Coloring Conjecture is an old and classical conjecture posed in Adler and Weiss (1970); Adler et al. (1977). Let G be a strongly connected digraph with uniform out-degree 2. The Road Coloring Conjecture states that, under a natural (necessary) condition that G is “aperiodic”, the edges of G can be colored red and blue such that “universal driving directions” can be given for each verte...

Here, we conducted drought stress gradient experiments of maize, and used ten water content related vegetation indices (VIs) to estimate widely variable canopy water content (CWC) and mean leaf equivalent water thickness at canopy level (EWT ̅̅ ̅̅ ̅̅ ̅) based on in situ measurements of Lambertian equivalent reflectance and important biological and environmental factors during the 2013−2014 growing sea...

Time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy was performed for aqueous ammonium iron(III) oxalate trihydrate solutions using an X-ray free electron laser and a synchronized ultraviolet laser. The spectral and time resolutions of the experiment were 1.3 eV and 200 fs, respectively. A femtosecond 268 nm pulse was employed to excite [Fe(III)(C2O4)3](3-) in solution from the high-spin ground electro...

The NP-hard Star Editing problem has as input a graph G = (V, E) with edges colored red and black and two positive integers k1 and k2, and determines whether one can recolor at most k1 black edges to red and at most k2 red edges to black, such that the resulting graph has an induced subgraph whose edge set is exactly the set of black edges. A generalization of Star Editing is Union Editing, whi...

Biological specimens were observed using a soft X-ray microscope constructed at the Ritsumeikan synchrotron radiation center BL12. The spatial resolution of the microscope using an X-ray wavelength of 2.4nm was estimated to be 75nm from the edge response. Three kinds of diatoms were observed and ultrastructures of approximately 100nm could be clearly resolved. Two kinds of bacteria and red bloo...

BACKGROUND While considerable scientific effort has been devoted to studying how birds navigate over long distances, relatively little is known about how targets are detected, obstacles are avoided and smooth landings are orchestrated. Here we examine how visual features in the environment, such as contrasting edges, determine where a bird will land. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Landing in ...