In previous methods of data reduction used to determine ultrasonic backscatter coefficients, various approximations were made. One frequently used is that there is an abrupt cutoff in the lateral extent of the scattering volume interrogated. Another approximation in all previous methods is that the effect of time gating the received echo signals can be written as a function of the distance alon...

In this paper fusion of visual and thermal images in wavelet transformed domain has been presented. Here, Daubechies wavelet transform, called as D2, coefficients from visual and corresponding coefficients computed in the same manner from thermal images are combined to get fused coefficients. After decomposition up to fifth level (Level 5) fusion of coefficients is done. Inverse Daubechies wave...

ABSTRACT: Overall plant growth and microbial biomass can be effected by dust accumulation. The chloroform fumigation-extraction method was used to evaluating the effect of cement dust pollution emitted from Kurdistan cement factory on soil microbial biomass carbon. Chlorophyll content (a, b and total) of plants species was measured in different distance from cement factory. Mic...

Estimation of wind speed at proposed hub heights is typically achieved using a wind shear exponent or wind shear coefficient (WSC), variation in wind speed as a function of height. The WSC is subject to temporal variation at low and high frequencies, ranging from diurnal and seasonal variations to disturbance caused by weather patterns; however, in many cases, it is assumed that the WSC remains...

This paper presents a new Hybrid Particle Swarm optimization with Time Varying Acceleration Coefficients (HPSOTVAC) and Bacteria Foraging Algorithm (BFA) namely (PSOTVAC/BFA) base fuzzy stochastic long term approach for determining optimum location and size of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). The Monte Carlo simulation method is used to model the uncertainties associated with long-term load...

This paper proposes a new approach to reduce coding artifacts in transform image coding. We approach the problem in an estimation of each transform coe cient from the quantized data by using its local mean and variance. The proposed method can reduce much coding artifacts of low bit-rate coded images, and at the same time guarantee that the resulting images satis es the quantization error const...

This paper proposes to combine classical approaches to the optimization of arithmetic expressions by choosing polarity of variables with the linearization of switching functions (LSF). Experimental results presented in the paper, show that in classical approaches, transition from Positive-polarity arithmetic expressions to Fixed-polarity arithmetic expressions may provide for 30-40% of reduced ...

The irreducible ∗-representations of the Lie algebra su(1, 1) consist of discrete series representations, principal unitary series and complementary series. We calculate Racah coefficients for tensor product representations that consist of at least two discrete series representations. We use the explicit expressions for the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients as hypergeometric functions to find explici...

We show that Kauffman brackets of colored framed graphs (also known as quantum spin networks) can be renormalized to a Laurent polynomial with integer coefficients by multiplying it by a coefficient which is a product of quantum factorials depending only on the abstract combinatorial structure of the graph. Then we compare the shadow-state sums and the state-sums based on R-matrices and Clebsch...

estimation of weed damage threshold is essensial in site-specific weed control programs. this experiment was conducted to determine the spatial distribution of weeds damage threshold in two wheat feilds. data related to weed biomass and crop yield were collected from sampling at 120 and 135 points of the first and second fields respectively based on a 4×4 m grid at research field of agricultura...