biofuels are playing important role in recent decades as substitutes for petro diesel. biodiesel derived from vegetable oils are found to give comparable performance and emission characteristics. in this paper a comparative study has been done between two fuels combinations i.e. jatropha and castor. the biodiesel was prepared from neat oils and blends of biodiesel (up till 20%) were prepared wi...

concrete is one of the most utilized construction materials in the world. nowadays, nano silicate usage due to its special property attracted considerable attention. on this basis, studying its environmental functions is an essential issue. accordingly, the behavior of normal concrete and the one with nano silicate were compared via taking advantage of life cycle assessment (lca) method in this...

Gasoline taxes are widely perceived as the most efficient instrument for reducing gasoline consumption because they exploit all behavioral responses for reducing fuel use, including reduced driving and improved fuel economy. At present, however, higher fuel taxes are viewed as a political nonstarter. Pay-as-you-drive (PAYD) auto insurance, which involves replacing existing lump-sum premiums wit...

Auxiliary power units (APUs) are widely used for electric power generation in various types of electric vehicles, improvements in fuel economy and emissions of these vehicles directly depend on the operating point of the APUs. In order to balance the conflicting goals of fuel consumption and emissions reduction in the process of operating point choice, the APU operating point optimization probl...

Optimal control of a wheel loader operating in the short loading cycle is studied in order to investigate the potentials for fuel consumption reduction while maintaining acceptable production rates. The wheel loader is modeled as a system with five states and three control inputs including torque converter nonlinearities. The torque converter is modeled with no lockup enabling power transmissio...

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in spark ignition (si) engines, the accurate control of air fuel ratio (afr) in the stoichiometric value is required to reduce emission and fuel consumption. the wide operating range, the inherent nonlinearities and the modeling uncertainties of the engine system are the main difficulties arising in the design of afr controller. in this paper, an optimization-based nonlinear control law is anal...