A previous analysis of the data considered here used a simple concept of reference in which an utterance refers to an identifiable object in the world – a specific rocket description in the simulation list. In this paper, the analysis is deepened to reveal the learning by the group of students of a more sophisticated reference that involves pairs of objects compared in a subtle way. Mastering p...

Intravaginal rings (IVRs) have emerged as cost effective way to deliver sustained release of drugs as compared to vaginal gels. Hydrophobic polyether polyurethane Intravaginal rings (IVRs) were investigated to deliver antiretroviral (ARV) drug in combination with a HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor. The ARV used was N-[2-(3,4,5-trumethoxybenzoilthio)benzoyl]-alaninamide (SAMT-10) and the HIV-...

Iwrote about notification-based Web service systems one year ago (“Web Services Notification,” Mar./Apr. 2004, pp. 86–90). To properly address the topic, I devoted a significant portion to Web service references, which are, conceptually, like network handles that refer to Web services. Service references are particularly important for notification systems, which usually require subscribers to r...

The propositional content of a reference is the proposition attributing to the referent the properties that correspond to the nouns and modiiers in the reference (for example, the propositional content of`Mary' is that the referent is named`Mary'). During language comprehension, the hearer or reader must determine the set of beliefs with respect to which the propositional content of a reference...