BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest an underlying three- or four-factor structure explains the conceptual overlap and distinctiveness of several negative emotionality and pain-related constructs. However, the validity of these latent factors for predicting pain has not been examined. METHODS A cohort of 189 (99 female, 90 male) healthy volunteers completed eight self-report negative emotionalit...

This paper presents 3 case reports of xiphodynia that presented to a chiropractic clinic. The paper examines aspects of xiphodynia including relevant anatomy of the xiphoid, as well as the incidence, aetiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. A brief overview of the mechanism of referred pain is presented.

Introduction Key characteristics of musculoskeletal pain are (i) diffuse aching pain, (ii) referred pain to distant somatic structures, (iii) deep-tissue hyperalgesia (general and localized), (iv) transition from acute to chronic pain, and (v) disturbed muscle function with reduced contraction force. Methods for quantitative assessment of musculoskeletal pain characteristics provide clinically ...

Introduction Key characteristics of musculoskeletal pain are (i) referred pain to distant somatic structures, (ii) deep-tissue hyperalgesia (general and localized), (iii) the transition from acute to chronic pain, and (iv) disturbed muscle function. Reliable methods for quantitative assessment of musculoskeletal characteristics are available that provide clinical mechanistic and quantitative in...