During the period 1960-1971 a major reform in the comprehensive school took place in Norway. We exploit the stage implementation of the reform as an instrument in estimating the returns to schooling. The reform allows us to study identical age cohorts of individuals going through two different school systems; one with seven years (old system), and one with nine years (new system) of compulsory ...

The article examines various healthcare systems reform projects in Canada and some Canadian provinces and reveals some tendencies in governance renewal. The analisis is based on the hypothesis that reform is an exercise aiming at the renewal of governance conception and practices. In renewing governance, reform leaders hope to use adequate and effective levers to attain announced reform objecti...

This paper studies the impact of judicial reform in Mexico. It does so using a survey about crime victimization and perceptions of insecurity (Encuesta Nacional Sobre la Inseguridad, ENSI) from 2005, 2008, and 2009 in eleven Mexican cities, three of which implemented the reform in 2007 and 2008. It shows judicial reform reduces victimization but also lowers perceptions of security. These result...

The literature paints a fairly common scenario for developing countries. It is one in which land is an increasingly scarce resource; where distribution is perceived to be unequal; where compensation for land required for infrastructure is unfair; where revenue through taxes is low and disproportionately shared; where land transactions are expensive and bureaucratic and where the levels of dispu...

Included in China's health care reforms are plans to forge ties with businesses and physicians in Canada. The current challenges centre around the standardization of medical education in China, issues that a Chinese delegation raised during a recent visit to Canada.

a. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System: Press Release, Dec. 16, 2015. This benchmark is the short-term interest rate at which commercial banks lend to each other on loans they receive from their regional Federal Reserve Bank’s lending facility. Since 2008, the Fed has held the rate at 0 to 0.25 percent, reflecting its effort to inject dollars into the economy through low rate short...

The possibility of health care reform has helped focus attention on equity in the receipt of health care. This is a particular issue for the Medicaid program, as State variations in eligibility and payment policies have historically created inequity. This study examines equity for Medicaid beneficiaries and State taxpayers during the latter 1980s. Findings indicate that federally mandated expan...

The United States leads all industrialized countries in the share of national health care expenditures devoted to insurance administration. The U.S. share is over 30 percent greater than Germany's and more than three times that of Japan. This issue brief examines the sources of administrative costs and describes how a private-public approach to health care reform--with the central feature of a ...

Healthcare reforms aim to change certain parts of the health system to improve quality of care, access, or financial sustainability. Traditionally, healthcare reform is understood as an action undertaken by a government at a national or local level. However, bottom-up changes can also lead to improvements in the health system. This paper describes the efforts of a coordinated multi-stakeholder ...

Beginning on March 26, 2012, the Supreme Court of the United States heard oral arguments regarding challenges to the recent federal health care reform legislation. The Court scheduled this unusually lengthy series of arguments to last for three days—a reflection of both the high stakes and the complexity of the legal issues involved. Whatever the Court ultimately decides, the outcome will have ...