OBJECTIVE To investigate whether infliximab can be used in combination with cyclosporin A (CsA) in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who cannot tolerate methotrexate (MTX). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen patients with refractory RA receiving low dose CsA (2 mg/kg/day) and prednisone (5 mg/day) were treated with intravenous infliximab. The patients were given infliximab (3 mg/...

OBJECTIVE We aimed to find the prognostic factors to detect the patients who fail the treatment of epilepsy, in the early stages of the disease. MATERIALS &METHODS This study was done on the epileptic patients attending the Neurology Clinic of Mofid Children's Hospital, Tehran, Iran from September 2013 to October 2014. After defining the criteria for exclusion and inclusion, the patients were...

INTRODUCTION There is a great need for alternative treatments for patients with relapsing and refractory multiple myeloma. The new anthracycline idarubicin has the advantage of oral administration and has been suggested as part of new orally based chemotherapeutic combination regimens. The evidence of its own efficacy in this disorder is, however, insufficient. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a mult...

PURPOSE Recently, bortezomib has been used to treat antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) refractory to conventional treatment such as plasmapheresis, intravenous immunoglobulin, and rituximab. The authors aimed to describe their experiences when bortezomib was used to treat refractory AMR. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eleven refractory AMR episodes treated with bortezomib were included in this study. T...

OBJECTIVE Multiple myeloma patients who are relapsed or refractory to both proteasome inhibitors (PIs) and immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) have been reported to have poor outcomes. Bendamustine has been reported to have an antitumor effect in newly diagnosed as well as relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of bendamustine th...

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic follicular occlusive disease in apocrine gland-bearing regions. Frequently refractory to conventional oral and topical treatments, it may require surgical intervention. Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of radiation therapy for refractory hidradenitis suppurativa. Methods and materials: Five patients with refractory Hurley stage II/III...

PURPOSE To study the value and efficacy of botulinum toxin for treatment of cases of non-neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NNDO) that are refractory to anticholinergic drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review of the literature, based on a keyword search of the Medline database. Selection of articles in French and English (meta-analyses, reviews, case studies and randomized, controlled...

Thermal shock stability plays a great role in the selection of optimal refractory material. Different methods characterization were developed for this purpose, including implementation nondestructive testing. Image analysis is very well method different materials structures, as changes and occurred defects structure caused by influences. In paper, possible application image will be presented re...

purpose: to evaluate the effect of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (ivt) reinjection on clinical and optical coherence tomographic (oct) features in refractory diabetic macular edema (dme). methods: in an interventional case series, all ivt-treated patients enrolled in a previous clinical trial (45 subjects), were recalled for performing a new ophthalmologic examination and oct. suitable e...