PURPOSE The ketogenic diet (KD) has been used as an alternative to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for patients with refractory epilepsy. Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) belongs to the group of epileptic encephalopathies that often prove refractory to AED treatment. In this prospective study we assess the efficacy and tolerability of the KD in patients with LGS. METHODS Between March 1, 1990 and Apr...

Brain inflammation is a major factor in epilepsy, and the high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein is known to contribute significantly to the generation of seizures. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of an anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in epilepsy. anti-HMGB1 mAb attenuated both acute seizure models (maximal electroshock seizure, pentylenetetrazole-induced and kindling-in...

objective in the majority of patients with intractable epilepsy, seizures can be well controlled with appropriate medication. however, current estimates indicate that some of patients with epilepsy are refractory to all forms of medical therapy. the surgical treatment of intractable epilepsy in children has  evolved with advances in technical innovations. these medically intractable patients ar...

A total of 80 patients with refractory epilepsy were recruited from the Inner Mongolia Medical College Affiliated Hospital. The foci of 60% of the patients could be positioned using a combined positron emission tomography/CT imaging modality. Hyper- and hypometabolism foci were examined as part of this study. Patients who had abnormal metabolism in positron emission tomography/CT imaging were d...

how to cite this article: taghdiri mm, bakhshandeh bali mk, karimzadeh p, ashrafi mr, tonekaboni sh, ghofrani m. comparative efficacy of zonisamide and pregabalin as an adjunctive therapy in children with refractory epilepsy. iran j child neurol. 2015 winter;9(1):49-55. abstract objective approximately one third of epileptic children are resistant to anticonvulsant drugs. this study evaluates t...

BACKGROUND Previous reports have documented the coexistence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and epilepsy and the therapeutic effects of treatment on seizure frequency and daytime sleepiness. The authors' objective was to determine the prevalence of OSA and its association with survey items in a group of patients with medically refractory epilepsy undergoing polysomnography (PSG). METHODS Thi...

Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic used in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia. It has a well-known side effect profile, including agranulocytosis, decreased seizure threshold, and tardive dyskinesia. In addition, numerous case reports have described clozapine-induced stuttering in adults. However, there has been only one previous case report describing it in the adolescent population...

Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder in the world, second only to stroke. There are nearly 15 million patients suffer from refractory epilepsy, with no available therapy. Although most seizures are not life threatening, they are an unpredictable source of annoyance and embarrassment, which will result in unconfident and fear. Prediction of epileptic seizures has a profound effect i...

The ketogenic diet has been used in the treatment of intractable childhood epilepsy since the 1920s. A systematic review of the efficacy, adverse reactions, and costs associated with using the diet was performed. PubMed and Ovid searches were performed using the keywords epilepsy/therapy, dietary therapy, ketogenic diet, adverse events, and costs. Cochrane library was searched. Bibliographies o...

The study was done to identify the predictors of refractory epilepsy in the North Indian population attending a tertiary care centre. This case-control study from August 2006 to December 2008 enrolled 200 consecutive patients of intractable epilepsy and 200 age matched controls with well controlled epilepsy. The factors which were significant in univariate analysis were age of onset before four...