Several countries face the choice between targeting inflation independently and entering a monetary union that targets inflation. The present paper extends the theory of optimum currency areas to deal with this choice. In contrast to the conventional theory, countries might form more of an optimum currency area the more asymmetric supply shocks are. By studying the stabilization properties of i...

www.philadelphiafed.org to the financial instruments that help guard savings from being eroded by inflation.1 Also, households and firms often write contracts that are stated in dollar amounts (nominal terms). A worker may, for example, sign a contract to work over the upcoming year for a fixed dollar amount. If inflation turns out to be higher than what was expected at the time the contract wa...

The aim of this paper is determination of an optimal policy rule for Iranian economy from an Islamic perspective. This study draws on an Islamic instrument known as the Musharakah contract to design a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model. In this model the interest rate is no longer considered as a monetary policy instrument and the focus is on the impact of economic shocks on the Dynam...

iranian banks can not freely determine their interest rates in the financial market. this characteristic causes banking industry unable to perform their duties of financial intermediaries in the transmission mechanism of monetary. in these circumstances, monetary shocks will have a significant and high effect on the alternative markets (like stocks and housing). in this study, we used dynamic s...

The EU acceding countries are supposed to adopt the Euro as soon as economic convergence is achieved. This paper offers a methodology to quantify the economic consequences of an acceding country’s EMU entrance. A small macroeconomic two-country model is specified and combined with two different monetary policy regimes: (i) national monetary policy, (ii) monetary union. The performance of the tw...

T   he completed MCI includes three main channels of interest rate, exchange rate and credit rate. In developing countries such as Iran, this indicator, which contains a credit channel, could be better used to illustrate the country’s monetary condition. This study has been done to calculate this index for the period of 1978–2012. For this purpose, the function of the total economy demand ...

india has experienced persistently high inflation in recent years, despite a period of below-trend economic growth. As a result, controlling inflation has become a key objective for policymakers. The two main indicators of inflation in india are the wholesale price index (Wpi) and the consumer price index (cpi). Although the Wpi has traditionally been the most widely used measure for assessing ...

This paper analyzes monetary stabilization in a structurally unstable economy. The economy has multiple stationary states, differing in credit market conditions and economic activity. Under certain conditions two monetary stationary states are stable and self—fulfilling deflationary crises can occur. The model implies that adjusting long— run monetary conditions is insufficient to coordinate th...

Central banks’ international reserve holdings have increased significantly in the recent past. This paper assesses the consequences for monetary policy both on theoretical and empirical grounds. According to the quantity theory of money, the accumulation of reserves might result in inflationary pressures if the resulting monetary expansion is not fully sterilized and exceeds the growth of money...

he decision to organize a country’s monetary strategy around the direct targeting of inflation rests upon a number of economic arguments about what monetary policy can and cannot do. Over the last twenty years, a consensus has been emerging in the economics profession that activist monetary policy to stimulate output and reduce unemployment beyond their sustainable levels leads to higher inflat...