A mid-infrared laser absorption technique is developed for sensing of temperature and carbon monoxide (CO) number density from 2000 K to above 9000 K. To resolve multiple rovibrational lines, a distributed-feedback quantum cascade (DFB-QCL) modulated across 80% its current range using trapezoidal waveform via bias-tee circuit. The attains spectral scan depth 1 cm $$^{-1}$$ , at frequency MHz, w...

The median absolute deviation (MAD) of each trait (principal component) was used to measure within-line variance, as it is less sensitive to non-normality than other measures of spread [67, 68]. However, plotting the raw MADs of each line against the line median tended to show a dependency of the MAD on the median (Figure S2). To correct for this dependency, the residuals of a local (lowess) re...

twenty four cowpea varieties were raised at niab and arri, faisalabad selected for plant height (42-136cm) days taken to 95 % flowering (62-79 days) and for diseases resistance (0.67-7 rating). infestation was maximum on it-97k-461-4, 1068-7, it-97k 1042-8 and it-98k-558-1 and was graded as susceptible. maximum grain yield was recorded in elite (649 kg/ha) and lowest grain yield was observed in...