we apply the two-sector production function developed by ram (1986) to estimate the threshold regression model for iran, concerning the effect of government size on economic growth. three government size indicators are used to find out the different threshold points. the results show a non-linear relationship of the armey curve in iran, in which the threshold effects corresponding to total gove...

This paper is an attempt to test the existence of Wagner’s Law in Pakistan. In this connection the Johansen and Juselius (1990) Cointegration approach has been used to test the long-run relationship between government expenditures and its determinants for Pakistan. Short-run dynamics are estimated by using the Error Correction Mechanism (ECM), various diagnostics and the stability tests are use...

in line with the unprecedented development of public sector in the 20th century, many economists have studied the efficiency of the public sector in economic growth and development. evidently, one of the important aspects of these studies is to determine the optimum size of government whose theoretical principles and approaches as well as practical methods have been argued about in public secto...

This study investigates the relationship between corporate environmental responsibility and corporate philanthropy. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms from 2008 to 2013, this paper examines the role of corporate environmental responsibility in corporate philanthropy and the moderating influence of the institutional environment using multilevel analysis. The results show that corporate eco-f...

There is an increasing use of modern information technology (IT) in nearly all parts of business life – and inter-organizational relationships are no exemption from this. However the role of IT in relationships is not really understood so far. In this paper we analyze the role of IT in relation to customer satisfaction in business-to-business relationships. We argue that the way in which a cust...

In this paper, we analyze the behavior of stochastic approximation schemes with set-valued maps in the absence of a stability guarantee. We prove that after a large number of iterations if the stochastic approximation process enters the domain of attraction of an attracting set it gets locked into the attracting set with high probability. We demonstrate that the above result is an effective ins...

E-Government or digital government is a tool for governments to use the most innovative Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) through digital networks with convenient access to government information and services. “E-Governance” is the application of ICT for delivering government services, exchange of information and communication between government and people. Government services a...

In addition to other benefits, e-Government can help alleviate corruption in nations by reducing the existing information asymmetries. Though governments are interested in understanding the impacts of e-Government on the level of national corruption, there are relatively few empirical studies that analyze this aspect. Motivated by this gap, we first develop a theoretical model for eGovernment i...

competition intensity in market place and perceived importance of customer retention for organizations has inclined them to develop and maintain enduring relation with customers. according to marketing scholars, relationship marketing is the best strategy for doing so. in this article the contribution of relationship marketing underpinnings namely, commitment, trust, communication, and conflict...