[1] Organic aerosols in general and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in particular are known to contribute significantly to the atmospheric population of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). However, current knowledge is limited with respect to the nature of this contribution. This study presents a series of experiments wherein the potential for biogenically derived SOA to act as CCN is explored. Fi...

A batch recipe for the selective crystallization of the metastable anhydrate form of an enantiotropic pseudo-dimorph system, L-phenylalanine, in a mixed solvent system (75 wt % water and 25 wt % 2-propanol) was implemented by controlled tracking of a designed trajectory in the phase diagram. The solubility curves of both the anhydrate and monohydrate forms were determined using attenuated total...

Isolated inner ear decompression sickness (DCS) is recognised in deep diving involving breathing of helium-oxygen mixtures, particularly where breathing gas is switched to a nitrogen-rich mixture during decompression. The biophysical basis for this selective vulnerability of the inner ear to DCS has not been established. A compartmental model of inert gas kinetics in the human inner ear was con...

We report a novel form of the gaseous state at the interface of water and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) that is induced by local supersaturation of gas. Such local supersaturation of gas next to the HOPG substrate can be achieved by (1) displacing an organic liquid with a gentle flow of water, (2) displacing cold water (approximately 0 degrees C) with a gentle flow of warm water (ap...

We present a method to investigate cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations and activation efficiencies as a function of two independent variables, aerosol particle size and water vapor supersaturation. To date, most ambient CCN measurements have been made as the integral (total) CCN concentration as a function of water vapor su-5 persaturation only. However, since CCN properties of aeros...

We have measured homogeneous nucleation rates of water at 200-240 K in the carrier gas helium, in the range of 10(13) - 10(17) m(-3) s(-1) using an expansion wave tube. The rates agree well with the results of Wolk and Strey [J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 11683 (2001)] in the range of overlap (220-240 K), and are summarized by the empirical fit J = S exp[4.6 + 0.244T-(906.8 - 2.914T)(ln S)(2)], with J ...

A comprehensive set of models of precipitate formation during steel processing has been developed. In this work, it is applied to investigate Nb(C,N) precipitation in thin microalloyed steel slabs during continuous casting, reheating in a tunnel furnace and water quenching relative to the position with the slab and alloy content. The models include a transient heat-conduction and solidification...