Some philosophers have replied to Leibniz’s “shift” argument against the reality of absolute space by appealing to anti-haecceitist doctrines about possible worlds, influenced especially by David Lewis’s counterpart theory. But separated from Lewis’s distinctive views about what possible worlds are, it is difficult to understand what those doctrines really amount to, and why they are relevant t...

the most accurate contracts may also be involved in ambiguity, and interpretation is trying to understand the legal concept. insurance contract are counted as accession contracts in which the insured has no thorough understanding of the terms. because of parties inequality in insurance contracts, they fall into a different category from the interpretation perspective and demand protective inter...

PRESENTISM AND ONTOLOGICAL SYMMETRY Joseph Diekemper Introduction Presentism tells us that since only the present exists, the past and future are equally unreal. But presentism is also motivated, just as any A-Theory of time is, by the common sense intuition that the past is fixed and the future not. It is, in part, this belief in a robust asymmetry of fixity that makes the A-Theory distinctive...

The application of various modifications of fasting for its therapeutic value has been well documented during many different periods of our civilization. In the earliest eras of recorded civilization, humans found in fasting not only a method of treatment and prevention of some diseases, but a potent weapon for self-discipline and moral education. For this reason the fast became an integral par...

the history of islamic jurisprudence has witnessed two heterogeneous yet apparently similar trends – although in two different periods of time and manifestations. one is the akhbāriyya movement in imāmī school, which, with a new approach to practicing sharī‘a and while negating ijtihād (legal reasoning), regards intellect as being unable to achieve legal rulings. the second trend is the salafiy...

We pursue the definition of a KZ-doctrine in terms of a fully faithful adjoint string Dd ⊣ m ⊣ dD. We give the definition in any Gray-category. The concept of algebra is given as an adjunction with invertible counit. We show that these doctrines are instances of more general pseudomonads. The algebras for a pseudomonad are defined in more familiar terms and shown to be the same as the ones defi...

There is considerable disagreement over optimal antitrust policy. Some propose a weak role for antitrust authorities, others a strong role. These differences don’t stem principally from politics, in the sense of different interests expressing different views. Rather, they stem from differences in the overall antitrust doctrine held by regulators, other policymakers, scholars and advocates. In f...

Radicalism appears in the form of acts rejection, resistance, and desire to change system or order following religious doctrines they adhere to. Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) Muhammadiyah have always voiced existence a moderate religion opposed everything. forms violence name religion. This study uses qualitative approach, where all data include; Journals, books, articles related this article. The resul...

Abstract As the first of three articles, present essay explores character selected aspects early Buddhism in order to assess its potential relevance as a reference point for those engaged research on mindfulness psychology. The exploration, which proceeds critical dialog with suggestions made by Donald Lopez Jr. and Evan Thompson, covers topics Buddha’s omniscience, Buddhist cosmology, notion k...