According to my study, “political secularism” means the separation of political power from religious institutions, while “social is a theory and endeavor eliminate religiosity not only public but also private life, considering it an obsolete way thinking. I examine four case studies based on ethnological fieldwork in Hunza (in Pakistani-controlled Kashmir), Middle Ural (Russia), Transylvania (R...

Historically, Vietnamese approaches to religion are highly inclusive, with flexibly overlapping religious traditions and ritual practices built on a substratum of ancestor worship. As Vietnam was colonized became independent, politicized, institutionalized, separated from the “secular” state, which sought bring in line new state orthodoxies. With understanding “religion” predicated Christian mo...

Abstract This paper examines policy effectiveness as a function of leader identity. We experimentally vary religious identity in coordination game implemented India and focus on citizen reactions to identity, controlling for actions. find that minority leaders improve coordination, majority do not. Alternative treatment arms reveal affirmative action minorities reverses this result, while inter...

This article explores the concept of covenantal pluralism in a context postwar Japan, with focus on legal framework separating state from religion and guaranteeing rights religious minorities. The argues that while there are relatively few instances sectarian strife, lack agreement how to interpret category religion, particular relation Shrine Shinto, continues lead struggles between different ...

Across 6 studies, Whites expressed more negative attitudes toward strongly identified racial minorities than toward weakly identified minorities. Whites who personally endorsed worldviews that legitimize the status hierarchy were particularly likely to express negative attitudes toward strongly identified minorities relative to weakly identified minorities, whereas Whites who personally rejecte...